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B. Theilen-Willige
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin), D-10587 Berlin, Germany

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GIS
Remote Sensing
Flooding
Safi
Natural Hazards
Slope Failure
Sahel
urban area
Rotational Block
handicap

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Journal article
Published: 31 August 2019 in Geosciences
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The most frequent disasters in Western Saudi Arabia are flash floods, earthquakes and volcanism, especially submarine volcanism potentially causing tsunamis in the Red Sea and submarine mass movements, dust storms and droughts. As the consequences and effects of the climate change are expected to have an increasing impact on the intensity and occurrence of geohazards as flash floods, length of drought periods, or dust storms, the systematic, continuous monitoring of these hazards and affected areas using satellite data and integration of the results into a geographic information systems (GIS) database is an important issue for hazard preparedness and risk assessment. Visual interpretation and digital image processing of optical aerial and satellite images, as well as of radar images, combined with Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) PALSAR DEM data are used in this study for the mapping and inventory of areas prone to geohazards, such as flash floods or tsunami flooding. Causal or critical environmental factors influencing the disposition to be affected by hazards can be analyzed interactively in a GIS database. How remote sensing and GIS methods can contribute to the detection and continuously, standardized monitoring of geohazards in Western Saudi Arabia as part of a natural hazard geodatabase is demonstrated by several examples, such as the detection of areas prone to hydrological hazards, such as flash floods causing flooding of roads and settlements, the outlining of coastal areas of the Red Sea prone to tsunami flooding and storm surge, the mapping of traces of recent volcanic activity, and of fault/fracture zones and structural features, especially of ring structures.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Helmut Wenzel. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to a Natural Hazard Database in Western Saudi Arabia. Geosciences 2019, 9, 380 .

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Helmut Wenzel. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to a Natural Hazard Database in Western Saudi Arabia. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (9):380.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Helmut Wenzel. 2019. "Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to a Natural Hazard Database in Western Saudi Arabia." Geosciences 9, no. 9: 380.

Conference paper
Published: 05 June 2019 in Proceedings of 2nd International Electronic Conference on Geosciences
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The most frequent disasters in Saudi Arabia are flash floods, earthquakes, volcanism, especially submarine volcanism causing tsunamis in the Red Sea and submarine mass movements, dust storms and droughts. As the consequences and effects of the climate change will have an increasing impact on the intensity and occurrence of geohazards as flash floods, length of drought periods, or dust storms, the surveillance and systematic, continuous monitoring of these hazards and affected areas using satellite data and integration of the results into a GIS data base is an important issue for hazard preparedness. Over the last 30 years (1981–2011), floods have been the most recurrent disasters recorded in EM-DAT, with at least 300 events, indicating a strong need for early warning systems. The increase of the built environment and the enlargement of urban areas has lead to a great impact on the landscape in Western Saudi Arabia. Visual interpretation and digital image processing of different satellite images, including radar images, combined with ASTER, SRTM (30 m resolution), and ALOS PALSAR DEM data (12 m) are used for the mapping and inventory of traces of past hazards. Causal or critical environmental factors influencing the disposition to be affected by hazards and the potential damage intensity are analyzed interactively, then, in a GIS database. The interactions and dependencies between different causal and preparatory factors can be visualized and weighted step by step in the GIS environment. Examples are presented how remote sensing and GIS methods contribute to the detection of the following geohazards in Western Saudi Arabia: Detection of areas prone to hydrological hazards such as flash floods causing flooding of roads and settlements Mapping of dust storms Mapping of coastal areas of the Red Sea prone to tsunami flooding and storm surge. Mapping of traces of volcanic activity Mapping of fault and fracture zones and structural features Mapping of local site conditions influencing earthquake shock in case of stronger earthquakes and of areas susceptible to earthquake related secondary effects such as compaction or rock fall.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Helmut Wenzel. Natural Hazard Assessment in Western Saudi Arabia using Remote Sensing and GIS Methods. Proceedings of 2nd International Electronic Conference on Geosciences 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Helmut Wenzel. Natural Hazard Assessment in Western Saudi Arabia using Remote Sensing and GIS Methods. Proceedings of 2nd International Electronic Conference on Geosciences. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Helmut Wenzel. 2019. "Natural Hazard Assessment in Western Saudi Arabia using Remote Sensing and GIS Methods." Proceedings of 2nd International Electronic Conference on Geosciences , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2018 in Geosciences
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Landsat 8, Sentinel 2, Aster, RapidEye and PlanetScope data and Sentinel 1- and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR)-radar images have been evaluated for a karst feature inventory in the Black Hills area in Wyoming/South Dakota, USA. The GeoInformation System (GIS) integrated evaluation of the different satellite data included as well World Imagery files of ESRI and Bing Maps high resolution satellite data of Microsoft. The satellite data revealed several types of circular features related to karst such as enclosed depressions and collapsed dolines as well as traces of tectonic/structural features (visualized by lineament analysis) cutting through youngest sediments, influencing karstification processes. The origin of the circular features is complex and partly unknown, needing further investigations. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, such as Aster- and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM data with 30 m and ALOS PASAR DEM with 12.5 m spatial resolution contributed to the detection of depressions, partly related to karst phenomena (sinkholes). Time series of satellite data reveal seasonal changes of the landscape and provide a data base for the documentation of the impact of climate change.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Detection of Karst Features in the Black Hills Area in South Dakota/Wyoming, USA, Based on Evaluations of Remote Sensing Data. Geosciences 2018, 8, 192 .

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Detection of Karst Features in the Black Hills Area in South Dakota/Wyoming, USA, Based on Evaluations of Remote Sensing Data. Geosciences. 2018; 8 (6):192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. 2018. "Detection of Karst Features in the Black Hills Area in South Dakota/Wyoming, USA, Based on Evaluations of Remote Sensing Data." Geosciences 8, no. 6: 192.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2016 in Geosciences
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The Koyna-Warna area in Maharashtra, Western India, is one of the world’s best examples of reservoir-induced seismicity. The occurrence of earthquakes in the vicinity of Koyna Dam (Shivaji Sagar Lake) started since 1962, soon after the initiation of water impoundment. To understand the tectonics and seismicity of the region, recent Landsat 8 images and Sentinel radar data were evaluated in GIS, as well as SRTM and ASTER Digital Elevation Model data (DEM) and the DEM-derived morphometric maps. Geophysical and climate data were also included in the GIS database. The analysis of satellite data contributed towards understanding the tectonic framework of the Koyna reservoir area by visual lineament analysis. Thus, Landsat 8 and Sentinel radar data brought out the structural pattern and made visible larger fault zones. The detailed lineament analysis detected areas, presumed to have rocks of relatively higher permeability, supporting intrusion and infiltration of surface water. The resulting maps of weighted overlay procedures derived from causal morphometric factors that influence the susceptibility to ground motion revealed areas with higher, medium and lower susceptibility to soil amplification.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Sainath P. Aher; Praveen B. Gawali; Laxmi B. Venkata. Seismic Hazard Analysis along Koyna Dam Area, Western Maharashtra, India: A Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. Geosciences 2016, 6, 20 .

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Sainath P. Aher, Praveen B. Gawali, Laxmi B. Venkata. Seismic Hazard Analysis along Koyna Dam Area, Western Maharashtra, India: A Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS. Geosciences. 2016; 6 (2):20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Sainath P. Aher; Praveen B. Gawali; Laxmi B. Venkata. 2016. "Seismic Hazard Analysis along Koyna Dam Area, Western Maharashtra, India: A Contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS." Geosciences 6, no. 2: 20.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2015 in Geosciences
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The violent storms of 22–30 November 2014, resulted in flash floods and wadi floods (rivers) in large parts of Southern Morocco, at the foot of the Atlas Mountains. The Guelmim area was the most affected part with at least 32 fatalities and damages due to inundations. The flooding hazard in the Guelmim region initiated this study in order to investigate the use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) for the detection and identification of areas most likely to be flooded in the future again due to their morphologic properties during similar weather conditions. By combining morphometric analysis and visual interpretation based on Landsat 8 satellite data and derived images such as water index (NDWI) images, areas with relatively higher soil moisture and recently deposited sediments were identified. The resulting maps of weighted overlay procedures, aggregating causal, morphometric factors influencing the susceptibility to flooding (lowest height levels, flattest areas), allowed for the distinguishing of areas with higher, medium and lower susceptibility to flooding. Thus, GIS and remote sensing tools contribut to the recognition and mapping of areas and infrastructure prone to flooding in the Guelmim area.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Abdessamad Charif; Abdelhadi El Ouahidi; Mohamed Chaibi; Mohamed Ayt Ougougdal; Halima AitMalek. Flash Floods in the Guelmim Area/Southwest Morocco–Use of Remote Sensing and GIS-Tools for the Detection of Flooding-Prone Areas. Geosciences 2015, 5, 203 -221.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Abdessamad Charif, Abdelhadi El Ouahidi, Mohamed Chaibi, Mohamed Ayt Ougougdal, Halima AitMalek. Flash Floods in the Guelmim Area/Southwest Morocco–Use of Remote Sensing and GIS-Tools for the Detection of Flooding-Prone Areas. Geosciences. 2015; 5 (2):203-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Abdessamad Charif; Abdelhadi El Ouahidi; Mohamed Chaibi; Mohamed Ayt Ougougdal; Halima AitMalek. 2015. "Flash Floods in the Guelmim Area/Southwest Morocco–Use of Remote Sensing and GIS-Tools for the Detection of Flooding-Prone Areas." Geosciences 5, no. 2: 203-221.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2014 in Geosciences
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Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) methods were used for karst research in the coastal area of Northwest Morocco near the city of Safi in order to identify karst landscapes, to describe karst features and to detect geological structures relevant to karst development. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of different satellite data, such as Landsat, RapidEye and IKONOS imagery, as well as ASTER- and SRTM-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) for the analysis of karst features. Dolines were identified by visual interpretations based on high resolution satellite imagery and aerial photographs. Digital image processing of the satellite data, such as deriving vegetation and water index images, helped to identify regions with relatively higher surface water input, where karstification processes might be more intense than in surrounding areas. ArcGIS-integrated weighted overlay tools were used for this purpose as well by aggregating of morphometric, causal factors (lowest and flattest areas) influencing the susceptibility to higher surface water input. Lineament analysis based on the different satellite data contributed to the detection of near-surface fault and fracture zones with potential influence on dissolution processes in sub-terrain waterways.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Halima Ait Malek; Abdessamad Charif; Fatima El Bchari; Mohamed Chaïbi. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Investigation of Karst Landscapes in NW-Morocco. Geosciences 2014, 4, 50 -72.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Halima Ait Malek, Abdessamad Charif, Fatima El Bchari, Mohamed Chaïbi. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Investigation of Karst Landscapes in NW-Morocco. Geosciences. 2014; 4 (2):50-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Halima Ait Malek; Abdessamad Charif; Fatima El Bchari; Mohamed Chaïbi. 2014. "Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Investigation of Karst Landscapes in NW-Morocco." Geosciences 4, no. 2: 50-72.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2014 in 2014 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM)
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The quality, data amount and information content of GeoInformation Systems (GIS) dealing with natural hazards and vulnerability assessment has increased considerably during the last decades. Meanwhile many countries have implemented such a GIS for the public use, whereby satellite imageries before and after disasters form important layers within these GIS. In the scope of this research adaptation strategies are developed by presenting an approach in which Geographic Information Systems, used together with remote sensing data, contribute to the analysis and presentation of information, especially required for the increasing geo-hazards in Morocco, such as earthquakes, mass movements and flooding using mainly free available, existing data for contributing to a GIS integrated data base.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; F. El Bchari; H. Aitn Malek; M. Chaïbi; A. Charif; C. Nakhcha; M. Ait Ougougdal; M. Ridaoui; E. Boumaggard. Remote sensing and GIS contribution to the detection of areas susceptible to natural hazards in the Safi area, W-Morocco. 2014 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM) 2014, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, F. El Bchari, H. Aitn Malek, M. Chaïbi, A. Charif, C. Nakhcha, M. Ait Ougougdal, M. Ridaoui, E. Boumaggard. Remote sensing and GIS contribution to the detection of areas susceptible to natural hazards in the Safi area, W-Morocco. 2014 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). 2014; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; F. El Bchari; H. Aitn Malek; M. Chaïbi; A. Charif; C. Nakhcha; M. Ait Ougougdal; M. Ridaoui; E. Boumaggard. 2014. "Remote sensing and GIS contribution to the detection of areas susceptible to natural hazards in the Safi area, W-Morocco." 2014 1st International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM) , no. : 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Earth Sciences
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Located in the urban area, the cliff of Sidi Bouzid and Amouni shows slope instabilities due to falls and collapse blocks and rotational block gliding. These phenomena form a risk to the economic, social, cultural and environmental issues. Geomorphologic, lithologic and tectonic conditions (ie surfaces of discontinuities such as fractures) combined with the influence of marine abrasion explain the increased instability of this part of the Sahel - Safi. This ongoing slope failure is a handicap for coastal development projects. The activity of these phenomena -more or less remarkable- is monitored by the GIS integrated observation and evaluation of field, aerial and satellite data, allowing to establish synthesis maps that give a risk assessment in this sector. Digital Elevation Model (ASTER_GDEM2) is used for the morphometric analysis of this area and as a base for the weighted overlay of causal / preparatory morphometric factors influencing the slope stability.

ACS Style

Fatima El Bchari; Barbara Theilen-Willige; Ait Malek Halima. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Detection of Coastal Slope Failure in the Safi Area, Morocco. Earth Sciences 2014, 3, 76 .

AMA Style

Fatima El Bchari, Barbara Theilen-Willige, Ait Malek Halima. Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Detection of Coastal Slope Failure in the Safi Area, Morocco. Earth Sciences. 2014; 3 (3):76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fatima El Bchari; Barbara Theilen-Willige; Ait Malek Halima. 2014. "Remote Sensing and GIS Contribution to the Detection of Coastal Slope Failure in the Safi Area, Morocco." Earth Sciences 3, no. 3: 76.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2012 in Geosciences
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For civil protection reasons there is a strong need to improve the inventory of areas that are more vulnerable to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake-related secondary effects, such as landslides, liquefaction or soil amplifications. The use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methods along with the related geo-databases can assist local and national authorities to be better prepared and organized. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are investigated in north-eastern Greece in order to contribute to the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions, to earthquake-related secondary effects and to tsunami-waves. Knowing areas with aggregated occurrence of causal (“negative”) factors influencing earthquake shock and, thus, the damage intensity, this knowledge can be integrated into disaster preparedness and mitigation measurements. The evaluation of satellite imageries, digital topographic data and open source geodata contributes to the acquisition of the specific tectonic, geologic and geomorphologic settings influencing local site conditions in an area and, thus, estimate possible damage to be suffered.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Paraskevas Savvaidis; Ilias N. Tziavos; Ioanna Papadopoulou. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Contribution to the Inventory of Infrastructure Susceptible to Earthquake and Flooding Hazards in North-Eastern Greece. Geosciences 2012, 2, 203 -220.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige, Paraskevas Savvaidis, Ilias N. Tziavos, Ioanna Papadopoulou. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Contribution to the Inventory of Infrastructure Susceptible to Earthquake and Flooding Hazards in North-Eastern Greece. Geosciences. 2012; 2 (4):203-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige; Paraskevas Savvaidis; Ilias N. Tziavos; Ioanna Papadopoulou. 2012. "Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Contribution to the Inventory of Infrastructure Susceptible to Earthquake and Flooding Hazards in North-Eastern Greece." Geosciences 2, no. 4: 203-220.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2011 in Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation
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ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Remote Sensing and GIS Studies of the Hegau Volcanic Area in SW Germany. Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation 2011, 2011, 361 -372.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Remote Sensing and GIS Studies of the Hegau Volcanic Area in SW Germany. Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation. 2011; 2011 (5):361-372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. 2011. "Remote Sensing and GIS Studies of the Hegau Volcanic Area in SW Germany." Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation 2011, no. 5: 361-372.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2010 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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The potential contribution of remote sensing and GIS techniques to earthquake hazard analysis was investigated in SW-Haiti in order to improve the systematic, standardized inventory of those areas that are more susceptible to earthquake ground motions or to earthquake related secondary effects such as landslides, liquefaction, soil amplifications, compaction or even tsunami-waves. Geophysical, topographical, geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and integrated into a spatial database using Geoinformation Systems (GIS) and image processing techniques. The GIS integrated evaluation of satellite imageries, of digital topographic data and of various open-source geodata can contribute to the acquisition of those specific tectonic, geomorphologic/topographic settings influencing local site conditions in Haiti and, thus, to a first data base stock. Using the weighted overlay techniques in GIS susceptibility maps were produced indicating areas where causal factors influencing surface-near earthquake shock occur aggregated and interfering each other and, thus, rise the susceptibility to soil amplification. This approach was used as well to create landslide and flooding susceptibility maps.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Detection of local site conditions influencing earthquake shaking and secondary effects in Southwest-Haiti using remote sensing and GIS-methods. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2010, 10, 1183 -1196.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. Detection of local site conditions influencing earthquake shaking and secondary effects in Southwest-Haiti using remote sensing and GIS-methods. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2010; 10 (6):1183-1196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. 2010. "Detection of local site conditions influencing earthquake shaking and secondary effects in Southwest-Haiti using remote sensing and GIS-methods." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6: 1183-1196.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2009 in Journal of Geodynamics
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ACS Style

G. Mentes; B. Theilen-Willige; G. Papp; F. Síkhegyi; G. Újvári. Investigation of the relationship between subsurface structures and mass movements of the high loess bank along the River Danube in Hungary. Journal of Geodynamics 2009, 47, 130 -141.

AMA Style

G. Mentes, B. Theilen-Willige, G. Papp, F. Síkhegyi, G. Újvári. Investigation of the relationship between subsurface structures and mass movements of the high loess bank along the River Danube in Hungary. Journal of Geodynamics. 2009; 47 (2-3):130-141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Mentes; B. Theilen-Willige; G. Papp; F. Síkhegyi; G. Újvári. 2009. "Investigation of the relationship between subsurface structures and mass movements of the high loess bank along the River Danube in Hungary." Journal of Geodynamics 47, no. 2-3: 130-141.

Book chapter
Published: 07 October 2008 in International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations
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In 2006, OASYS, an EU funded project on a multi-scale monitoring concept for landslides as a basis for an alert system was completed. Twelve institutes from 6 countries tried to merge their multidisciplinary knowledge in the field of landslides and disaster management. The main goal of the research was to develop a cost saving concept for landslide disaster prediction in areas with a higher density of landslides. The present paper reports about the innovative steps and about some highlights of the research, emphasising mainly three tasks:

ACS Style

M Haberler-Weber; A Eichhorn; H Kahmen; Barbara Theilen-Willige. Concept of a Multi-Scale Monitoring and Evaluation System for Landslide Disaster Prediction. International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations 2008, 133, 669 -677.

AMA Style

M Haberler-Weber, A Eichhorn, H Kahmen, Barbara Theilen-Willige. Concept of a Multi-Scale Monitoring and Evaluation System for Landslide Disaster Prediction. International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations. 2008; 133 ():669-677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Haberler-Weber; A Eichhorn; H Kahmen; Barbara Theilen-Willige. 2008. "Concept of a Multi-Scale Monitoring and Evaluation System for Landslide Disaster Prediction." International Symposium on Earth and Environmental Sciences for Future Generations 133, no. : 669-677.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 1982 in International Journal of Earth Sciences
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The following facts have supported the origin of the Araguainha circular structure in Central Brazil by a meteoritic impact:(1) the almost circular contour (2) the impact-morphologic sequence including a central uplift, ring walls and a basin rim of escarpments (3) outcrops of suevites and mixed breccias (4) the evidence of shock metamorphism (5) the presence of shatter cones, and (6) negative anomalies of the total intensity of the magnetic field at the center of the ring structure. Folgende Hinweise sprechen für die Entstehung der Ringstruktur von Araguainha in Zentralbrasilien durch einen kosmischen Impakt:(1) ein nahezu kreisrunder Umriß (2) eine „einschlagmorphologische Sequenz“, die von innen nach außen aus einer zentralen Erhebung, einen daran angrenzenden Niederungsgürtel, mehreren Ringwällen sowie konzentrischen Bruch- und Schichtstufen besteht (3) anstehende Suevite und Trümmerbrekziien (4) Nachweis der progressiven Stoßwellenmetamorphose in Gesteinsdünnschliffen (5) Funde von „shatter cones“ und (6) negative Anomalien der magnetischen Totalintensität im Zentrum der Ringstruktur. Os fatos seguintes supportam a génese da estrutura circular do “Domo de Araguainha”/Brasil Central por um impacto de meteoro:(1) a forma circular (2) a sequência morfológica de um astroblema, apresentando no núcleo um soergimento central, cumeadas e elevaçōes de arranjo anelar e uma borda de cuestas da bacia (3) afloramentos de suevitas et breccias coloridas (4) a evidência de metamorfísmo de choque nas lâminas das amostras de pedra (5) a presença de cones de estilhaçamento, e (6) anomalias negativas da intensidade magnética de campo total no centro da estrutura. О том, уто кольцевые ст руктуры Araguainha в центральн ой Бразилии возникли в результат е космических импакт ов, говорят следующие факты:1) почти-что точный конц ентрический контур 2) „свита, морфология ко торой говорит об удар е“, которая состоит из центральн ого поднятия, его окружаю щего пояса низменнос ти, нескольких колец ярусов вала и ко нцентрически распол оженных разломов и слоев. 3) Залегающие рядом суе виты и обломочные бре кчии. 4) Установление следов усиливающегося мета морфизма ударной волны в тонких шлифах пород. 5) наличие „shatter cones“. 6) негативная аномалия магнитной общей инте нсивности в центре кольцевых структур.

ACS Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. The Araguainha astrobleme/Central Brazil. International Journal of Earth Sciences 1982, 71, 318 -327.

AMA Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. The Araguainha astrobleme/Central Brazil. International Journal of Earth Sciences. 1982; 71 (1):318-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Theilen-Willige. 1982. "The Araguainha astrobleme/Central Brazil." International Journal of Earth Sciences 71, no. 1: 318-327.