Microfinance institution (MFI) deliquency management is a new topic in the world of microfinance. The major goal of the article is to examine at delinquency management strategies in MFIs in Nepal, as well as the causes of loan delinquency and how to improve loan delinquency. The study’s goal necessitated an evaluation of relevant literature. In Nepal, the ratio of non-performing loans (NPLs) in the microfinance sector has been rising. The study found that adopting governance in loan delivery procedures, client identification, effective credit appraisal, and review of client credit history, professional knowledge of clients, client literacy, and identification of clients over indebtedness, credit monitoring and controls, and loan utilization can reduce MFI delinquency. The aim of this research is to help MFIs improve the quality of their loan portfolios. It shows that institutionally efficient MFIs may be able to meet both their social and financial goals. The conclusions of this article will aid MFIs in reducing NPL and better managing delinquency.

This study concerns the key factors of performance of the Nepalese microfinance institutions (MFIs). The principal goal of the study is the identification of necessary operational performance of MFIs. The determinants influencing MFIs' performance were identified using descriptive, correlational, and casual-comparative study methodologies. The study's conclusions demonstrated a strong correlation between MFIs performance and information technology, loan lending processes, and regulatory environment. The regulatory Framework seems to be an important factor in Nepal's microfinance performance as well. The study also discovered that MFIs performance is significantly influenced by the loan lending system, regulatory environment, and information technology. The study discovered that the loan lending system, regulatory framework, information technology, loan lending system, employee motivation, management system, effective risk management, and regulatory framework have a positive link with the performance of MFIs and significantly affect it. Additionally, it shows that the operational effectiveness of MFIs in Nepal has no correlation with employee motivation, management system, and effective risk management. The study's findings will be helpful to all parties involved with MFIs, including investors, regulators, legislators, and BFIs. According to the outcome, operational efficiency significantly affects the viability and continuation of service of Nepalese MFIs.

Nepal’s non-life insurance sector holds immense potential to drive economic growth and boost the nation towards a secure financial future. Embracing this potential is a goal and a pivotal catalyst for substantial change. The study aims to determine how the non-life insurance sector can drive economic growth in Nepal. The methodology of this study uses quantitative analysis of financial data from 2013 to 2022 from 20 non-life insurance companies in Nepal and econometric modeling to assess the sector’s impact on economic growth. Using Panel EGLS (Estimated Generalized Least Squares) regression analysis, the findings show that with one-unit increments in total investment, total premium, and total tax paid, GDP is expected to change by approximately 591.52, –920.54 and 8,470.65 units, respectively. In contrast, the coefficient for total profit is –910.3477 and is not statistically significant. The study’s main conclusion implies that the insurance sector contributes to the country’s economic growth by investing in productive activities and paying taxes to the government. Still, it also imposes a cost on the economy by charging high premiums to the insured. The profitability of the insurance sector does not affect the GDP, which indicates that the insurance sector is competitive and efficient or that other factors determine the GDP besides the insurance sector. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the non-life insurance sector’s role in Nepal’s economic development and informs evidence-based policy decisions.

This study aims to explore the relationship between economic growth and performance in Nepal, identifying key drivers for growth. Studying the nexus between economic growth and economic performance in Nepal is crucial for understanding how these factors interact within the nation’s specific context. Growth of gross domestic product (GDP) is represented as the primary indicator for evaluating economic performance, reflecting the overall well-being of a nation's economy. Economic performance encompasses a broader spectrum, including indicators such as employment rate, inflation, income distribution and overall economic stability. Using E-Views 10, a descriptive and analytical research approach has been applied to analyze time series secondary data from 1990–2021 using an econometric model. This study found that faster-growing economies typically experience increased jobs, higher investment, more exports, and often lower inflation. These relationships are part of a long-run equilibrium relationship. In the event of an economic shock disrupting this equilibrium, the economy tends to naturally return to the equilibrium over time. This study found that short-term causality running from lagged GDP, gross capital formation (GCF), exports, human development index (HDI), and employment ratio influence immediate GDP growth. These variables wield a short-term influence over GDP growth; for instance, a sudden surge in exports can prompt a temporary boost in economic growth. This indicates that there is a long-term sustained link between GDP growth and the independent variables rather than merely a short-term event.

This study aims to examine the impacts of digital marketing on business sustainability using a systematic analysis guided by PRISMA, focusing on their effectiveness, emerging trends, and obstacles. By comprehensively examining contemporary academic studies, the research highlights significant digital marketing methods that improve online presence, consumer interaction, and overall business performance. This research is constrained by its dependency on secondary data, which may not adequately reflect current industry trends. Moreover, the study primarily emphasizes existing literature and lacks in empirical data from direct consumer and business surveys. Additionally, variations in the effectiveness of digital marketing across different regions and industries are not thoroughly addressed. The study concludes that transformative trends and technologies are changing the landscape of digital marketing, including artificial intelligence, data driven analytics, and Omni channel marketing strategies positive impact on business sustainability. Further, the study addresses major challenges and concerns about data privacy, content saturation, issues with consumer trust while evaluating return on investment (ROI), reliance on specific platforms, and ethical considerations. The study provides several possible options for the problem that focus more on privacy-related marketing, using AI in personalized content creation, adopting complex analytics for performance assessment, and diversifying marketing channels. The research invariably emphasizes that businesses must infuse their digital marketing efforts with ethics, sound data-unforcedness, and customer focus to attain sustainable growth in their top-tier digital ecosystem. This study offers valuable insights for small and micro-entrepreneurs, policymakers, and regulators emphasizing digital marketing as a tool for sustainable marketing strategies.

Tax compliance is the determining factor in tax report submission, enhancing tax awareness. A low level of tax compliance (TC) directly affects the government revenue and low inflow of information regarding taxpayers. This study uses descriptive and explanatory research approaches to identify determinants of residential rental income tax compliances (TC) among property owners in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal. A total of 1,129 structured questionnaires were distributed among the households of Kathmandu Valley for the cross-sectional and primary data, and only 500 (44.29 percent) useful responses were received from the respondents as the population was unknown. The response rate exceeds the estimated sample size of 384. The findings revealed a significant positive impact of tax rate on tax compliances (r = 0.329**, P<0.05). Fines and penalty (FP) and tax compliance (TC) found a positive and significant association depicting (r =.398**, P<0.05). Similarly, there was a positive and significant relationship (r = .612**, P<0.05) between attitudes and perception (AP) and tax compliance (TC). Moreover, a positive and significant association was found (r =.410**, P<0.05) between tax knowledge (TK) and tax compliance (TC). Furthermore, tax policy (TP) was positively and significantly associated (r = .440**, P<0.05) with tax compliance (TC). This study enhances taxpayers’ knowledge and helps to execute the policies to increase the efficiency and transparency of the tax system in Nepal. Acknowledgment The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Achyut Gnawali and Mr. Prem Bahadur Budhathoki, Associate Professor, and Dr. Gangaram Bishowakarma, Assistant Professor of Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, for extending warm support towards the research work through the academic inputs.