Surrogate pregnancy (SP) has acquired a prominent public profile through the bioethical, legal and media debates this cross-border reproductive practice has raised worldwide. The different social agents involved in the phenomenon frequently appeal to public opinion looking for legitimation and endorsement of their ethical and political positions on the matter. However, opinion polls occupy a marginal place in research about SP. The article presents the findings of the scoping review of 31 scientific articles (1985–2017) analysing public opinion regarding SP in 13 countries. The aim is to single out the main subtopics covered by the studies in order to identify research gaps as well as describe and analyse SP as a socio-cultural construct and ‘social problem’ which is currently situated in a complex multidimensional arena made of conflicting narratives and attitudes that divide international public opinion along each one of the identified subtopics. Additionally, the article presents the results of the survey Opinion and Attitudes of the Spanish Population towards Adoption, Fostering and Gestational Surrogacy (2018), the first conducted in Spain with a representative national sample.

Society is immersed in a process of demographic transformation of great relevance: the ageing of the population. During the ageing stage, relevant changes occur, such as age-related losses, lack of formal and informal support or changes in social roles, which can cause situations of isolation or loneliness in older people. After the Spanish government decreed a state of alarm throughout the national territory in response to the arrival of SARS-CoV2, the confinement of the entire population was established, and only essential services and authorized persons could continue to carry out their daily activities and professional tasks. In addition, since the beginning of the pandemic, older people were considered high-risk people, a circumstance that increased their isolation situation. Objective: Understand, organize and systematically analyse the scientific evidence generated in relation to the impact that the COVID−19 pandemic has had on the processes and feelings of isolation and loneliness of the elderly population, from the beginning of the health crisis until the date of search. Materials and methods: a scoping review was conducted using the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley, which included a review of the studies available in the online databases Proquest, Scopus and WOS. From the search, information related to the isolation and collective of elderly people during the pandemic was extracted. Results: a total of 32 articles were included, from which three fundamental areas of analysis emerged and three issues emerged: older people and institutionalisation during the pandemic, ageism and hospitalisation of the elderly during the pandemic, and loneliness and isolation of older people throughout the pandemic. Discussion: the lack of material resources and infrastructures to be able to face the problem of isolation in institutions was evident. The importance of acquiring, on the part of the elderly, competences, knowledge and skills in new technologies in order to continue with contact with their peer group and family was also observed. Conclusions: this study identifies areas already understood, as well as knowledge gaps, that allow for determining opportunities for future research and thus the ability to improve in situations similar to the one that occurred.

Scientific and academic agents and the majority of organisations and institutions recognise the relevance of citizen participation when preparing public policies. Citizens shift from being passive subjects to becoming active players in decisions regarding environmental, climatic, demographic, social and economic dimensions of their municipality. The participatory action research method establishes distances with respect to a classic approach from the beginning of the research because the establishment of the demand and the research objectives are the result of a process of triangulation of actors. The citizenship table considers it unlikely that cultural offerings would constitute a municipal strength since the available activities are directed to some but not all population groups. Citizen participation is often incorrectly translated with participation originated from external data, that is, outside citizenry, the use of which is common in generalist surveys. The research team is responsible for offering different means so that the groups that participate in the process can express and reach conclusions freely.

Este artículo presenta resultados de un proyecto que nace de la inquietud de un instituto público de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) por conocer cómo son las relaciones de género entre su alumnado. El marco teórico que contribuye a contextualizar los resultados expuestos está centrado en las teorías del poder, del amor y los afectos, y del impacto de las TIC. El objetivo del estudio es diagnosticar cómo se expresan las relaciones de poder en las parejas en centros educativos. De esta manera, se espera poder obtener y plantear elementos que permitan a los centros generar estrategias para la acción futura a partir de los marcos emocionales de las relaciones de poder en las parejas. Con este fin se ha diseñado una herramienta cuantitativa que contribuye a la evaluación de cómo son estas relaciones. El cuestionario ha sido aplicado a una muestra de 140 estudiantes de tercero y cuarto de ESO con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años. Posteriormente se ha realizado un análisis comparativo con otra muestra de 192 estudiantes de primer y segundo curso de Grado de Universidad, con edades comprendidas fundamentalmente entre los 18 y 20 años, con el fin de incrementar el rango de edad y valorar mejor la experiencia. El análisis de los datos obtenidos evidencia la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas por edad, sexo y experiencia en pareja, así como la importancia de la comunicación para el proceso cotidiano de las relaciones afectivo-sexuales. Tras los análisis e interpretación de los datos se concluye que las relaciones de poder en las parejas están enmascaradas debido a una concepción romántica de las mismas.

El azote o el cachete siguen siendo prácticas socialmente aceptadas como estrategias educativas con los menores. Sin embargo, su uso entraña riesgos en su ajuste psicosocial que podrían evitarse poniendo en marcha estrategias de disciplina positiva. Para sensibilizar a padres y madres contra el uso del castigo físico y dotarles de herramientas educativas alternativas es necesario desarrollar nuevos instrumentos de comunicación eficaz que llamen su atención, sean accesibles y ofrezcan contenidos en la línea propuesta. En este trabajo se presenta el proceso de implementación de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles (smarphones, tablets y phablets) orientada a la eliminación del castigo físico en la educación parental. La app tiene como objetivo ofrecer apoyo on-line a los padres y madres en su labor educativa, a partir del modelo de disciplina positiva. Para ello, se basa en la autoevaluación y el aprendizaje a través de entornos virtuales (e-parenting). Se concluye sobre la utilidad del enfoque educomunicativo para el desarrollo de este tipo de competencias y las características que deben cumplir para llegar al público objetivo, detectar posibles dificultades y mejorar las estrategias para potenciar la educación mediática parental en el proceso de crianza y educación.