Natural waters and wastewaters often contain heavy metals, e.g., iron. Iron ore mining contaminates groundwater with iron up to 30 maximal permissible concentrations (MPC) as this element gets washed out from rock and soil. Adsorption is the most effective and economically feasible method of additional purification of natural and wastewater from iron. Its efficiency depends on the type of adsorbent. The research objective was to select the most efficient sorption material to eliminate water from iron, as well as to establish the adsorption patterns for different sorbents, thus creating sustainable and effective purification. The study featured carbonaceous sorbent of the SKD-515 grade, mineral sorption materials with aluminosilicate of the AC grade, and silicate-based sorbent of the ODM-2F grade. The porous structure was studied by porometry methods while the surface image was obtained using scanning electron microscopy. Other indicators included equilibrium, kinetics, and dynamics of iron adsorption by various sorbents. The Freundlich and Langmuir equations made it possible to calculate the key adsorption parameters. The Gibbs energy values were obtained from the Langmuir equation and equaled 11.93–20.66 kJ/mol, which indicated the physical nature of the adsorption process. Under static conditions, the sorbents demonstrated a high adsorption capacity with respect to iron, depending on the structure, and could be arranged as AC > SKD-515 > ODM-2F. In SKD-515, iron adsorption occurred in micropores; in AC and ODM-2F, it took place in mesopores. The kinetics of iron extraction showed that the adsorption process was limited by external mass transfer. The research provided a new understanding of iron adsorption by materials of various structures. The conclusions were supported by scanning electron microscopy images. Initial concentration, flow velocity, and loading layer height were studied in dynamics, i.e., during continuous operation of the adsorption column. The system proved extremely effective and reached 99.0% Fe3+ extraction under the following conditions: flow rate = 1 L/min, loading column height = 0.15 m, column diameter = 0.05 m, initial concentration = 0.5 mg/L (5 MPC). The column performance was tested at an initial concentration of iron ions of 50 MPC, which simulated the wastewater treatment at industrial enterprises. This comprehensive study of iron adsorption from wastewater proved the efficiency of the mineral sorption materials with aluminosilicate of AC grade.

The adsorption kinetics of Mn2+ ions by AG-3 activated carbon granules is investigated. It is found that the pseudo–first-order Lagergren kinetic mod

В настоящий момент охрана окружающей среды (ОС) и ресурсосбережение является одним из центральных аспектов устойчивого развития человечества и биосферы в целом. Экологическая ситуация в современном мире усугубляется накоплением значительных объёмов производственных отходов. Наиболее эффективным можно считать подход, при котором утилизация отходов одного производства обеспечивает эффективное решение задачи охраны ОС для других производств. Исследована возможность использования кислых отходов (регенератов), образующихся при работе ионообменных установок на гидро- и теплоэлектростанциях, для повышения сорбционной ёмкости углеродных сорбентов по фенолу за счёт изменения химии поверхности угля - появление на поверхности сорбента новых кислородсодержащих функциональных групп фенольного типа (-ОН), сильнокислотных (карбоксильные, -СООН) и слабокислотных (лактонные, -СОО-). Установлено влияние длительности процесса на сорбционную ёмкость активных углей (АУ) по отношению к фенолу: обработка сорбентов кислым регенератом в течение 6 ч повышает сорбционную ёмкость на 31-33, 8 ч - на 48-50, 10 ч - на 50-52, 12 ч - на 52-54%. При увеличении концентрации серной кислоты до значений более 2 моль/дм3 адсорбционная способность модифицированных образцов по отношению к фенолу снижается. Для аналитического описания экспериментальных изотерм адсорбции фенола использовали уравнение Дубинина-Радушкевича и уравнение Брунауэра, Эммета и Теллера. Величины предельного адсорбционного объёма позволяют предположить, что адсорбция фенола подчиняется объёмному механизму заполнения пор. Значения характеристической энергии свидетельствуют о том, что сорбция фенола идёт в основном в микро- и мезопорах адсорбентов. Величина теплоты адсорбции свидетельствует о физической природе взаимодействия фенола с поверхностью АУ. Установлено, что увеличение сорбционной ёмкости активных углей различной природы (АБГ, АГ-3, БАУ) за счёт модифицирования серной кислотой углеродных сорбентов позволяет увеличить поглотительную способность по фенолу в 1,35 раза и обеспечить дополнительную адсорбцию, тем самым повысить эффективность и экономичность очистки сточных вод от...

Introduction. Chemical factor presupposes substances that enter the finished product and reduce its quality. Water used in production process can be a source of such substances. The domestic drinking water supply system may contain various contaminants that possess toxic and carcinogenic properties and can affect the quality characteristics of food products. Study objects and methods. The research featured popular water pollutants found in the drinking water supply system, components of fruit and whey beverages, and the process of adsorption extraction of the contaminants by various sorbents. Results and discussion. The paper focuses on the effect of water contamination as a dangerous chemical factor on the quality of restored whey products. The study revealed the effect of organic water pollutants on the formulation components of reduced fruit and whey beverages, including interaction with proteins, lactose, and vitamins of the reduced whey. The research also featured such components of fruit and whey vitamin beverages as anthocyanins, catechins, leucoanthocyanins, and karatine, as well as additives introduced to regulate the sensory properties and improve shelf life. The paper introduces a new method for reducing water contamination based on adsorption processes for extracting organic compounds from aqueous solutions. It describes the specifics, patterns, and mechanisms of adsorption. Activated carbons of SKD-515, AG-OV-1, and AG-3 brands proved to have the best adsorption capacity for both chloroform and trichloroethylene, which makes it possible to recommend them for further research and practical use. A study of the kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the process resulted in the optimal parameters of adsorption columns and operation modes of the adsorption filter. A production flowchart describes the introduction of the adsorption posttreatment stage in the technological process of producing fruit and whey beverages. Conclusion. The proposed method of water decontamination partially reduced the chemical factor and improved the quality of the finished products.

The sources of the major pollutants in quarry wastewater are investigated for Kuznetsk Basin coal mines. Various methods of removing those pollutants are a

Assessment of the efficiency of wastewater treatment from coal enterprises for suspended solids using various filtering materials