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By developing technologies, spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered a great source of nickel-cobalt ions to fabricate metal sulfide nanoparticles. However, the presence of unnecessary ions such as manganese and lithium may hamper the formation of pure metal sulfide nanostructures where the utilization of proper ligand(s) can be very critical. For this reason, the present study initially introduces a promising and cost-effective acidic leaching followed by precipitation and thermal treatment (~250 °C, 1 h) processes to fabricate pure NiS nanopowders from the LIBs, while considering potassium amyl xanthate as the precipitating agent. The produced nanoparticle’s size and structure were characterized by commonly used and advanced analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The elemental distributions and functional groups were analyzed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The characteristic analyses of the spherical-like NiS particles showed a mean particle size of 61 ± 2 nm (by TEM) and 64 nm (through the PCS method) with high purities approved via XRD and EDS analyses. Moreover, comparing the obtained XRD data with the standard ones showed a perfect match with the hexagonal structure of the NiS phase. We finally concluded that such a presented approach is very practical and efficient for converting the LIBs to an extremely valuable product. Future studies are suggested for the fundamental conceptualization of the processes.
Esmaeel Darezereshki; Ali Vakylabad; Ahmad Hassanzadeh; Tomasz Niedoba; Agnieszka Surowiak; Babak Koohestani. Hydrometallurgical Synthesis of Nickel Nano-Sulfides from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Minerals 2021, 11, 419 .
AMA StyleEsmaeel Darezereshki, Ali Vakylabad, Ahmad Hassanzadeh, Tomasz Niedoba, Agnieszka Surowiak, Babak Koohestani. Hydrometallurgical Synthesis of Nickel Nano-Sulfides from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries. Minerals. 2021; 11 (4):419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsmaeel Darezereshki; Ali Vakylabad; Ahmad Hassanzadeh; Tomasz Niedoba; Agnieszka Surowiak; Babak Koohestani. 2021. "Hydrometallurgical Synthesis of Nickel Nano-Sulfides from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries." Minerals 11, no. 4: 419.
The geopolymerization of solid substances rich in calcium and aluminum including mine tailings by sodium silicate is mainly believed to be under the influence of alkali activation. However, mine tailings’ relative neutral condition can decrease sodium silicate's overall alkalinity to an unfavorable condition for alkaline reactivity. The decreased sodium silicate's alkalinity initiates the silica gel's precipitation leading to the overall mine tailings’ geopolymerization. This makes sodium silicate as an alternative binder similar to Portland cement in cemented paste backfill. Any changes in mine tailings’ chemical state can accelerate or decelerate geopolymerization bringing inadequate knowledge about strength development. Thus, mine tailings’ geopolymerization by sodium silicate was investigated at different pH values and compared with cementation by Portland cement. It was found that the elevation in sodium silicate content decreases the acidification influence of mine tailings and postpones the strength development. The setting time of geopolymerised and cemented mine tailings were comparable, but pre-acidification of sodium silicate considerably accelerated the geopolymerization process. This made sodium silicate more advantageous over Portland cement because of manageable curing behavior and strength development. The obtained experimental results were discussed through several mechanical, rheological, microstructural, mineralogical, and chemical tests and analyses.
Babak Koohestani; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; Forough Mahdipour; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban. Geopolymerization mechanism of binder-free mine tailings by sodium silicate. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 268, 121217 .
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Pozhhan Mokhtari, Erol Yilmaz, Forough Mahdipour, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban. Geopolymerization mechanism of binder-free mine tailings by sodium silicate. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 268 ():121217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; Forough Mahdipour; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban. 2020. "Geopolymerization mechanism of binder-free mine tailings by sodium silicate." Construction and Building Materials 268, no. : 121217.
Under the oxidative roasting process, pyrite, as a major mineral in sulfidic mine tailings, can transform to iron oxides. Generated iron oxides, if exhibiting enough magnetic properties, can be recovered via magnetic separation resulting in partial mine tailings valorization. However, due to the presence of various minerals and sintering possibility, it is advantageous to remove impurities and increase the pyrite content of mine tailings prior to the roasting procedure. In this case, hydrofluoric acid that has no influence on pyrite can be used to leach most inorganic minerals, including aluminosilicates. Therefore, this study investigated and compared the influence of the roasting process with and without hydrofluoric acid leaching pretreatment on mineralogical phase transformation of pyrite and magnetic properties of thermally generated minerals. Several tests and analyses were performed to study mineralogical phase transformation, morphology, elemental composition, surface characterization, and magnetic properties. Results of this study indicated that without acid leaching pretreatment, pyrite was mainly transformed to hematite. However, via acid leaching, fluorine, as a more electronegative element over oxygen, entered the compound and neglected the role of oxygen in thermal oxidation, instead reducing sulfur content of pyrite to only form pyrrhotite.
Babak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Esmaeel Darezereshki; Erol Yilmaz; Elif Yilmaz. Influence of Hydrofluoric Acid Leaching and Roasting on Mineralogical Phase Transformation of Pyrite in Sulfidic Mine Tailings. Minerals 2020, 10, 513 .
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban, Pozhhan Mokhtari, Esmaeel Darezereshki, Erol Yilmaz, Elif Yilmaz. Influence of Hydrofluoric Acid Leaching and Roasting on Mineralogical Phase Transformation of Pyrite in Sulfidic Mine Tailings. Minerals. 2020; 10 (6):513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Esmaeel Darezereshki; Erol Yilmaz; Elif Yilmaz. 2020. "Influence of Hydrofluoric Acid Leaching and Roasting on Mineralogical Phase Transformation of Pyrite in Sulfidic Mine Tailings." Minerals 10, no. 6: 513.
Interests in the use of natural fibers–fillers in composite materials are growing rapidly due to the low cost and high availability. However, poor surface adhesion and mineralization are the main drawbacks that restrict the use of natural fibers in different applications. Thus, it is essential to perform a treatment that can improve the surface properties of natural fibers before being used in the composites. Such treatments are physical (corona, plasma, etc.), chemical (alkaline, silane, acetylation, etc.), and biological (enzyme), but the benefits of each treatment considering energy consumption and effluent generation should be considered more in-depth. Via a literature review, this study investigated the mechanical performance, energy consumption, and generated effluents of chemical treatments (silane, alkaline, acetylation, and maleated coupling) as the consequence of fiber treatment to propose a more sustainable treatment at the scope of the treatment section in the factory of natural fibers–polymer composites (gate to gate). It was shown during this review study that the maleated coupling is a more sustainable method since it needs no specific energy during the treatment while produces no effluent and improves the mechanical strength performance of the composites more constantly.
B. Koohestani; A. K. Darban; P. Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; E. Darezereshki. Comparison of different natural fiber treatments: a literature review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 2018, 16, 629 -642.
AMA StyleB. Koohestani, A. K. Darban, P. Mokhtari, Erol Yilmaz, E. Darezereshki. Comparison of different natural fiber treatments: a literature review. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 2018; 16 (1):629-642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Koohestani; A. K. Darban; P. Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; E. Darezereshki. 2018. "Comparison of different natural fiber treatments: a literature review." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 1: 629-642.
The water repellency influence of non-polar organosilanes (vinyl and methyl) and polycarboxylate superplasticizer were studied and compared on flow behavior, strength development, and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB) composed of sulfidic and non-sulfidic tailings. The addition of water-repellent admixtures affects the water requirement and hence the total performance of cementitious materials. Based on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test and slump height measurements, the addition of vinyl silane to CPB provided a higher UCS value and reduced the required amount of water for a specific slump height. The addition of vinyl and methyl organosilanes, however, was less advantageous on CPBs composed of sulfidic tailings since reduced the early strength development. The achieved differential thermogravimetric (DTG), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results implicated that the use of vinyl silane was more efficient to densify the CPB matrix due to the hydration improvement and the formation of additional C-S-H gel specifically in non-sulfidic CPBs.
Babak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Pozhhan Mokhtari. A comparison between the influence of superplasticizer and organosilanes on different properties of cemented paste backfill. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 173, 180 -188.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban, Pozhhan Mokhtari. A comparison between the influence of superplasticizer and organosilanes on different properties of cemented paste backfill. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 173 ():180-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Pozhhan Mokhtari. 2018. "A comparison between the influence of superplasticizer and organosilanes on different properties of cemented paste backfill." Construction and Building Materials 173, no. : 180-188.
Babak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Erol Yilmaz; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Ikram Ganetri. Influence of amine and vinyl functional groups of silanes on total performance of thermoplastic-based composites. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 172, 98 -105.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban, Erol Yilmaz, Pozhhan Mokhtari, Ikram Ganetri. Influence of amine and vinyl functional groups of silanes on total performance of thermoplastic-based composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 172 ():98-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Erol Yilmaz; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Ikram Ganetri. 2018. "Influence of amine and vinyl functional groups of silanes on total performance of thermoplastic-based composites." Construction and Building Materials 172, no. : 98-105.
Babak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Esmaeel Darezereshki; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; Elif Yilmaz. The influence of sodium and sulfate ions on total solidification and encapsulation potential of iron-rich acid mine drainage in silica gel. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2018, 6, 3520 -3527.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ahmad Khodadadi Darban, Esmaeel Darezereshki, Pozhhan Mokhtari, Erol Yilmaz, Elif Yilmaz. The influence of sodium and sulfate ions on total solidification and encapsulation potential of iron-rich acid mine drainage in silica gel. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2018; 6 (2):3520-3527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ahmad Khodadadi Darban; Esmaeel Darezereshki; Pozhhan Mokhtari; Erol Yilmaz; Elif Yilmaz. 2018. "The influence of sodium and sulfate ions on total solidification and encapsulation potential of iron-rich acid mine drainage in silica gel." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 2: 3520-3527.
Babak Koohestani. Effect of saline admixtures on mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious matrices containing tailings. Construction and Building Materials 2017, 156, 1019 -1027.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani. Effect of saline admixtures on mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious matrices containing tailings. Construction and Building Materials. 2017; 156 ():1019-1027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani. 2017. "Effect of saline admixtures on mechanical and microstructural properties of cementitious matrices containing tailings." Construction and Building Materials 156, no. : 1019-1027.
Babak Koohestani; Bruno Bussière; Tikou Belem; Ahmed Koubaa. Influence of polymer powder on properties of cemented paste backfill. International Journal of Mineral Processing 2017, 167, 1 -8.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Bruno Bussière, Tikou Belem, Ahmed Koubaa. Influence of polymer powder on properties of cemented paste backfill. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2017; 167 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Bruno Bussière; Tikou Belem; Ahmed Koubaa. 2017. "Influence of polymer powder on properties of cemented paste backfill." International Journal of Mineral Processing 167, no. : 1-8.
Babak Koohestani; Ikram Ganetri; Erol Yilmaz. Effects of silane modified minerals on mechanical, microstructural, thermal, and rheological properties of wood plastic composites. Composites Part B: Engineering 2017, 111, 103 -111.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ikram Ganetri, Erol Yilmaz. Effects of silane modified minerals on mechanical, microstructural, thermal, and rheological properties of wood plastic composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2017; 111 ():103-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ikram Ganetri; Erol Yilmaz. 2017. "Effects of silane modified minerals on mechanical, microstructural, thermal, and rheological properties of wood plastic composites." Composites Part B: Engineering 111, no. : 103-111.
This experimental study investigates the influence of maple-wood sawdust addition on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). Mechanical properties of CPB were determined by uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests and microstructural changes were evaluated by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Results indicate that the addition of 12.5% maple-wood sawdust (by dry mass of binder) improves the strength development of CPB specimens at later hydration age (91 curing days). However, at a higher maple-wood sawdust content of 14.5%, the UCS showed lower improvement. Moreover, MIP and SEM analysis results revealed that the 12.5% wood filler addition made the CPB material less porous and more compact by increasing the mineral content formed by cement hydration. The positive influence of maple-wood sawdust on CPB was associated with higher binder content (⩾5%) and mid- to long-term curing times (⩾56 days).
Babak Koohestani; Ahmed Koubaa; Tikou Belem; Bruno Bussière; Hassan Bouzahzah. Experimental investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill containing maple-wood filler. Construction and Building Materials 2016, 121, 222 -228.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Ahmed Koubaa, Tikou Belem, Bruno Bussière, Hassan Bouzahzah. Experimental investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill containing maple-wood filler. Construction and Building Materials. 2016; 121 ():222-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Ahmed Koubaa; Tikou Belem; Bruno Bussière; Hassan Bouzahzah. 2016. "Experimental investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste backfill containing maple-wood filler." Construction and Building Materials 121, no. : 222-228.
This paper investigates the influence of Nano-silica (NS) addition on the consistency and compressive strength development of cemented paste backfill (CPB). Tetraethyl-Orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the precursor of Nano-silica along with ether-based Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCS). Two binder types (Portland cement and Slag-cement) and different amounts of TEOS (0.7–14% by mass of binder) with and without PCS are examined for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days curing time. Uniaxial compression tests for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) determination, slump height measurement, changes in gravimetric water content, and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) were used to assess the influence of NS and admixtures (TEOS-PCS) on CPB performance. The results of this experimental study indicate that the addition of approximately 5% TEOS along with 0.5% PCS (by mass of binder) provide the best compressive strengths that can also be anticipated through the higher amount of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) on DTG curves. It is also noticeable that the positive influence of NS is more evident when the amount of binder was decreased. The addition of PCS to CPB containing NS improved both the consistency of the mixture and the compressive strength development of CPB.
Babak Koohestani; Tikou Belem; Ahmed Koubaa; Bruno Bussière. Experimental investigation into the compressive strength development of cemented paste backfill containing Nano-silica. Cement and Concrete Composites 2016, 72, 180 -189.
AMA StyleBabak Koohestani, Tikou Belem, Ahmed Koubaa, Bruno Bussière. Experimental investigation into the compressive strength development of cemented paste backfill containing Nano-silica. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2016; 72 ():180-189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabak Koohestani; Tikou Belem; Ahmed Koubaa; Bruno Bussière. 2016. "Experimental investigation into the compressive strength development of cemented paste backfill containing Nano-silica." Cement and Concrete Composites 72, no. : 180-189.