Step by step, new digital technologies are capturing different spheres of our life. The opportunities of their application are almost infinite, and potential is very promising. But digital innovations as a trend represent a challenge for every modern state. Especially for member-countries of the BRICS union who seek to become the world’s leading countries. For this reason, the most important task for the members of BRICS is to create adequate “smart” regulation, which offers alternative ways of regulatory impact on transforming business relations. Using the regulatory sandbox as an experimental legal regime is one of the ways to test the creation, production, and realization of digital innovation. Having been first applied in 2016 in the United Kingdom, nowadays this model is successfully implemented in such countries as Singapore, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Member-countries of BRICS are only beginning to adopt this unorthodox tool; in most of its countries the legal framework is ongoing now. The aim of this research is to analyze current legislation and legal framework on the regulatory sandboxes in BRICS countries, define features of national models, difficulties and further prospects of its usage. This research is based on the comparative and formal juridical analysis of legislation, draft laws, and research papers dedicated to regulatory sandboxes in BRICS. The authors identify different barriers and risks of using regulatory sandboxes for the digital innovations successfully and offer some ways to overcome these challenges, including the formulation of guidelines for operating regulatory sandboxes based on a balance of public and private interests. The authors conclude that it is necessary to update legislation on the regulatory sandboxes for reaching positive effect from the digital transformation and make several suggestions for optimization its provisions. The results achieved in research paper can be used both in the lawmaking process as well as the foundation for further scientific researches.

Global digitization and the emergence of Artificial Intelligence-based technologies pose challenges for all countries. The BRICS and European Union countries are no exception. BRICS as well as the European Union seek to strengthen their positions as leading actors on the world stage. At the present time, an essential means of doing so is for BRICS and the EU to implement smart policy and create suitable conditions for the development of digital technologies, including AI. For this reason, one of the most important tasks for BRICS and the EU is to develop an adequate approach to the regulation of AI-based technologies. This research paper is an analysis of the current approaches to the regulation of AI at the BRICS group level, in each of the BRICS countries, and in the European Union. The analysis is based on the application of comparative and formal juridical analysis of the legislation of the selected countries on AI and other digital technologies. The results of the analysis lead the authors to conclude that it is necessary to design ageneral approach to the regulation of these technologies for the BRICS countries similar to the approach chosen in the EU (the trustworthy approach) and to upgrade this legislation to achieve positive effects from digital transformation. The authors offer several suggestions for optimization of the provisions of the legislation, including designing a model legal act in the sphere of AI.

Day by day, new technologies are capturing our lives. ChatGPT and other intelligent chatbots are among the most promising ones. As an LLM based on machine learning, an intelligent chatbot represents a perfect human chatbot assistant that can give an answer to any question asked, write a poem, or analyze and improve the code. Despite its potential, ethical and legal issues of using intelligent chatbots, which also might be a reason for the disputes, are among the most significant concerns. Based on the idea of responsible innovation, this paper aimed to define critical ethical and legal issues arising from using ChatGPT and other intelligent chatbots and then attempt to overcome them to increase the trustworthiness of this technology. For intelligent chatbots to be actively and effectively used for the benefit of humanity while not undermining the credibility of LLMs, we have attempted to outline the technical, legal, and ethical problems, as well as significant dispute resolution concerns arising from the use of intelligent chatbots, and to make recommendations on how to minimize the risks and threats related to it. The results of this study can be used both in the process of law-making in the field of artificial intelligence and to contribute to the limited research in this area.

Цель: на основании изучения свойств квантовых явлений и особенностей квантовых технологий, обусловивших риски и вызовы, связанные с появлением данных технологий, а также анализа правового регулирования квантовых технологий в Российской Федерации и зарубежных странах формирование основ квантового права как права будущего. Методы: для проведения данного исследования применялся комплекс общенаучных методов системного анализа, а также предметных методов технических и юридических наук. Применение сравнительно-правового метода дало возможность выявить основные направления развития регулирования квантовых технологий в российских и зарубежных правопорядках. Метод правового моделирования позволил сформировать концепт квантового права, выявить основные векторы его развития и комплекс его этико-правовых принципов. Результаты: выявлены особенности и свойства квантовых технологий, которые способны изменить развитие права с приходом таких технологий; определены основные риски и вызовы, связанные с развитием квантовых технологий; выявлены особенности регулирования квантовых технологий в отдельных зарубежных странах; определены тенденции развития регулирования квантовых технологий в Российской Федерации; сформированы концептуальные основы квантового права, а также векторы его развития. Научная новизна: впервые в юридической науке проводится комплексный анализ существующего национального (как российского, так и зарубежного) регулирования квантовых технологий, на основании которого предпринимается попытка обоснования необходимости формирования квантового права и очерчиваются основные векторы его развития. Практическая значимость: результаты проведенного исследования закладывают основу для формирования концепта квантового права, в связи с чем выводы, к которым пришли авторы, и выдвинутые ими предложения по совершенствованию существующего регулирования квантовых технологий могут быть использованы для правотворчества и правоприменения в данной сфере, а также способны заложить основы дальнейших исследований в области квантовых технологий.