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Dr. Pedro Carvalho
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Bioremediation
0 Environmental Chemistry
0 Organic Pollutants
0 Ecotechnologies
0 Emergent pollutants

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Bioremediation
Ecotechnologies
Organic Pollutants

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Career Timeline

Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University

Senior Scientist or Principal Investigator

01 April 2021 - 30 August 2021


Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University

University Educator/Researcher

01 April 2017 - 01 April 2021


Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University

Post Doctoral Researcher

01 April 2013 - 01 April 2017


CIIMAR, University of Porto

Graduate Student or Post Graduate

01 September 2008 - 01 December 2012




Short Biography

My research spans within the field of environmental chemistry through analytical methodology development, applications on monitoring and remediation studies and water treatment. Since the PhD I have been working on organic micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, pesticides and their metabolites) in water and wastewater with a strong focus on constructed wetlands systems. Nowadays, I have different projects covering soil 1) biocides degradation; and water: 2) micropollutants degradation processes; 3) eco-technologies development; 4) novel fixed biofilm reactors; 5) water reuse and its implications, both energy and nutrient recovery and health protection.

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Journal article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Water
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A framework developed by the COST Action Circular City (an EU-funded network of 500+ scientists from 40+ countries; COST = Cooperation in Science and Technology) for addressing Urban Circularity Challenges (UCCs) with nature-based solutions (NBSs) was analyzed by various urban sectors which refer to different fields of activities for circular management of resources in cities (i.e., reducing use of resources and production of waste). The urban sectors comprise the built environment, urban water management, resource recovery, and urban farming. We present main findings from sector analyses, discuss different sector perspectives, and show ways to overcome these differences. The results reveal the potential of NBSs to address multiple sectors, as well as multiple UCCs. While water has been identified as a key element when using NBSs in the urban environment, most NBSs are interconnected and also present secondary benefits for other resources. Using representative examples, we discuss how a holistic and systemic approach could facilitate the circular use of resources in cities. Currently, there is often a disciplinary focus on one resource when applying NBSs. The full potential of NBSs to address multifunctionality is, thus, usually not fully accounted for. On the basis of our results, we conclude that experts from various disciplines can engage in a cross-sectoral exchange and identify the full potential of NBSs to recover resources in circular cities and provide secondary benefits to improve the livelihood for locals. This is an important first step toward the full multifunctionality potential enabling of NBSs.

ACS Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Theis Raaschou Andersen; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Alba Canet-Martí; Pedro N. Carvalho; David C. Finger; Tjaša Griessler Bulc; Ranka Junge; Boldizsár Megyesi; Dragan Milošević; Hasan Volkan Oral; David Pearlmutter; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Bernhard Pucher; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Nataša Atanasova. Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities. Water 2021, 13, 2352 .

AMA Style

Guenter Langergraber, Joana A. C. Castellar, Theis Raaschou Andersen, Maria-Beatrice Andreucci, Gösta F. M. Baganz, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Alba Canet-Martí, Pedro N. Carvalho, David C. Finger, Tjaša Griessler Bulc, Ranka Junge, Boldizsár Megyesi, Dragan Milošević, Hasan Volkan Oral, David Pearlmutter, Rocío Pineda-Martos, Bernhard Pucher, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Nataša Atanasova. Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities. Water. 2021; 13 (17):2352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guenter Langergraber; Joana A. C. Castellar; Theis Raaschou Andersen; Maria-Beatrice Andreucci; Gösta F. M. Baganz; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Alba Canet-Martí; Pedro N. Carvalho; David C. Finger; Tjaša Griessler Bulc; Ranka Junge; Boldizsár Megyesi; Dragan Milošević; Hasan Volkan Oral; David Pearlmutter; Rocío Pineda-Martos; Bernhard Pucher; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Nataša Atanasova. 2021. "Towards a Cross-Sectoral View of Nature-Based Solutions for Enabling Circular Cities." Water 13, no. 17: 2352.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2021 in Water
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Cyanobacteria blooms occur frequently in freshwaters around the world. Some can produce and release toxic compounds called cyanotoxins, which represent a danger to both the environment and human health. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic variant reported all over the world. Conventional water treatment methods are expensive and require specialized personnel and equipment. Recently, a multi-soil-layering (MSL) system, a natural and low-cost technology, has been introduced as an attractive cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology that is likely to be an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the efficiency of MSL eco-technology to remove MC-LR on a laboratory scale using local materials. To this end, an MSL pilot plant was designed to treat distilled water contaminated with MC-LR. The pilot was composed of an alternation of permeable layers (pozzolan) and soil mixture layers (local sandy soil, sawdust, charcoal, and metallic iron on a dry weight ratio of 70, 10, 10, and 10%, respectively) arranged in a brick-layer-like pattern. MSL pilot was continuously fed with synthetic water containing distilled water contaminated with increasing concentrations of MC-LR (0.18–10 µg/L) at a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 200 L m−2 day−1. The early results showed MC-LR removal of above 99%. Based on these preliminary results, the multi-soil-layering eco-technology could be considered as a promising solution to treat water contaminated by MC-LR in order to produce quality water for irrigation or recreational activities.

ACS Style

Roseline Aba; Richard Mugani; Abdessamad Hejjaj; Nelly Brugerolle de Fraissinette; Brahim Oudra; Naaila Ouazzani; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Pedro Carvalho; Laila Mandi. First Report on Cyanotoxin (MC-LR) Removal from Surface Water by Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) Eco-Technology: Preliminary Results. Water 2021, 13, 1403 .

AMA Style

Roseline Aba, Richard Mugani, Abdessamad Hejjaj, Nelly Brugerolle de Fraissinette, Brahim Oudra, Naaila Ouazzani, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos, Pedro Carvalho, Laila Mandi. First Report on Cyanotoxin (MC-LR) Removal from Surface Water by Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) Eco-Technology: Preliminary Results. Water. 2021; 13 (10):1403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roseline Aba; Richard Mugani; Abdessamad Hejjaj; Nelly Brugerolle de Fraissinette; Brahim Oudra; Naaila Ouazzani; Alexandre Campos; Vitor Vasconcelos; Pedro Carvalho; Laila Mandi. 2021. "First Report on Cyanotoxin (MC-LR) Removal from Surface Water by Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) Eco-Technology: Preliminary Results." Water 13, no. 10: 1403.

Review
Published: 04 March 2021
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The water, energy, and food security nexus (WEF Nexus) is the interlinkage between water security, energy security, and food security. An increasing world population is projected to increase energy and food requirements, which will increase the need for freshwater drastically in the coming decades. Projected climate change impacts will aggravate water availability, especially in urban areas. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have proven to generate multiple benefits that defuse the expected merging tensions within the WEF Nexus. This paper outlines the theories, provides examples, and discusses the potential of NBS to address the future WEF Nexus. For this purpose we reviewed recent papers on the theories of WE, WF, EF, and WEF Nexus, we described and summarized 19 representative real-life case studies, and we identified the knowledge gap within the theory and the case studies. We provide quantitative potentials and qualitative benefits for NBS described in the literature over the past decades. Our review demonstrated the impressive potential of NBS to address the projected challenges within the WEF Nexus. The study concludes by recommending NBS for specific WEF Nexus challenges and highlighting the need for decision-makers to consider the implementation of NBS in urban planings.

ACS Style

Pedro N Carvalho; David Finger; Fabio Masi; Giulia Cipolletta; Hasan Volkan Oral; Attila Tóth; Martin Regelsberger; Alfonso Exposito. A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Pedro N Carvalho, David Finger, Fabio Masi, Giulia Cipolletta, Hasan Volkan Oral, Attila Tóth, Martin Regelsberger, Alfonso Exposito. A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro N Carvalho; David Finger; Fabio Masi; Giulia Cipolletta; Hasan Volkan Oral; Attila Tóth; Martin Regelsberger; Alfonso Exposito. 2021. "A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Water Research
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Conventional wastewater treatment lacks the ability to remove many pharmaceuticals. This is leading to emissions to the natural aquatic environment, where these compounds pose a risk to the aquatic organisms. An advanced wastewater treatment technique that has shown promising results is Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR). Initial degradation velocity and degradation rate constants of the pharmaceuticals are important parameters for designing an optimal MBBR system; however, the degradation efficiency varies across studies and one of the most plausible causes might be initial concentration. Thus, to verify the effect of initial concentration, the degradation of a mixture of 18 pharmaceuticals at different initial concentrations was studied. For this study MBBR's with very low BOD loading were used as they were conditioned with effluent water. The experiment was set up as a MBBR batch incubation, using effluent wastewater as medium, spiked with the 18 pharmaceuticals in seven different concentration levels (approximately 0-300 µg L−1). The degradation of 14 out of 18 pharmaceuticals was concentration-dependent. The initial degradation velocity of the pharmaceuticals was either proportional to the initial concentration or was following a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic. The degradation velocity of one compound, i.e., sulfamethizole might have been inhibited at high concentrations. The degradation rate constants from single first-order fittings (KSFO) for some compounds deviated from the expected behavior at low concentrations (below 10 µg L−1). This is suggested to be caused by simplicity of the Michaelis-Menten model, not taking possible occurrence of co-metabolism and mass-transfer limitations into account at low concentrations. This study underlines the fact that K values cannot be interpreted without paying attention to the tested concentration level. Furthermore, it shows that the used MBBRs was able to handle high concentrations of pharmaceuticals, and that the most efficient removal occurs at concentrations above 100 µg L−1.

ACS Style

Sif B. Svendsen; Haitham El-Taliawy; Pedro N. Carvalho; Kai Bester. Concentration dependent degradation of pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluent by biofilm reactors. Water Research 2020, 186, 116389 .

AMA Style

Sif B. Svendsen, Haitham El-Taliawy, Pedro N. Carvalho, Kai Bester. Concentration dependent degradation of pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluent by biofilm reactors. Water Research. 2020; 186 ():116389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sif B. Svendsen; Haitham El-Taliawy; Pedro N. Carvalho; Kai Bester. 2020. "Concentration dependent degradation of pharmaceuticals in WWTP effluent by biofilm reactors." Water Research 186, no. : 116389.

Chapter
Published: 05 August 2020 in The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
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Constructed wetlands are one of the most often applied nature-based solutions for water management. This ecotechnology is widely accepted due to its robustness to treat wastewater. The assessment of organic carbon and nutrients removal for conventional wastewater treatment has been documented for nearly 70 years. In the recent decade, interest has increased in regard to their performance to treat water contaminated with pharmaceuticals. In 2020 we have passed 200 publications on the latter. Therefore, there is a fair amount of knowledge available to discuss the applicability of constructed wetlands to control the emission of pharmaceuticals. The current chapter aims to (1) provide an insight to the performance of constructed wetlands under a variety of configurations and design options for the removal of pharmaceuticals; (2) discuss removal processes, namely, plant and biological-driven biodegradation, the challenges in its application and reproducibility, the knowledge gaps and the future trends; and (3) link constructed wetland usage and developments with the recent trends of nature-based solution and phytoremediation implementation towards a green transition.

ACS Style

Pedro N. Carvalho. Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2020, 1 -37.

AMA Style

Pedro N. Carvalho. Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2020; ():1-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro N. Carvalho. 2020. "Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 1-37.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Evidence from the past shows that pesticide use in populated areas may impact groundwater quality. The approval of herbicides such as diflufenican and glyphosate for use on paved and unpaved gravel surfaces in the European Union is based on their behaviour and fate in agricultural soils. However, this might be very different from their fate in gravel surfaces. We therefore conducted an outdoor study with 21 small lysimeters containing different gravel types and a sandy arable topsoil as control. The lysimeters were sprayed with a commercial product for gardening, containing diflufenican and glyphosate. The concentrations of the herbicides and their relevant degradation products in the outlet was followed for 19 months. Diflufenican, glyphosate and AMPA did not leach from any of the lysimeters. However, one diflufenican degradation product (AE-0) leached from two of the gravel types for more than a year and a second degradation product (AE-B) leached from all gravels for up to one year. Concentrations in the leachate peaked at 0.5–3 μg/L, with highest concentrations over the longest periods observed with rock chippings on top of the gravel. We conclude, that the different properties of gravel compared to those of agricultural soils may lead to very different herbicide leaching patterns but also that the leaching depends highly on the type of gravel and type of herbicide.

ACS Style

Christian Nyrop Albers; Ole Stig Jacobsen; Kai Bester; Carsten Suhr Jacobsen; Pedro Carvalho. Leaching of herbicidal residues from gravel surfaces – A lysimeter-based study comparing gravels with agricultural topsoil. Environmental Pollution 2020, 266, 115225 .

AMA Style

Christian Nyrop Albers, Ole Stig Jacobsen, Kai Bester, Carsten Suhr Jacobsen, Pedro Carvalho. Leaching of herbicidal residues from gravel surfaces – A lysimeter-based study comparing gravels with agricultural topsoil. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 266 ():115225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Nyrop Albers; Ole Stig Jacobsen; Kai Bester; Carsten Suhr Jacobsen; Pedro Carvalho. 2020. "Leaching of herbicidal residues from gravel surfaces – A lysimeter-based study comparing gravels with agricultural topsoil." Environmental Pollution 266, no. : 115225.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Water Research
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The beneficial use of sewage sludge for valorization of carbon and nutrients is of increasing interest while micropollutants in sludge are of concern to the environment and human health. This study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge in a continuous flow pilot scale reactor at conditions expected to reflect future industrial installations. The processing is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, bio-crude yields and quality. The raw sludge and post-HTL process water and solid residues were analyzed extensively for micropollutants via HPLC-MS/MS for target pharmaceuticals including antibiotics, blood pressure medicine, antidepressants, analgesics, x-ray contrast media, angiotensin II receptor blockers, immunosuppressant drugs and biocides including triazines, triazoles, carbamates, a carboxamide, an organophosphate and a cationic surfactant. The results show that a positive energy return on investment was achieved for all three HTL processing temperatures of 300, 325 and 350 °C with the most beneficial temperature identified as 325 °C. The analysis of the HTL by-products, process water and solids, indicates that HTL is indeed a suitable technology for the destruction of micropollutants. However, due to the large matrix effect of the HTL process water it can only be stated with certainty that 9 out of 30 pharmaceuticals and 5 out of 7 biocides products were destroyed successfully (over 98% removal). One compound, the antidepressant citalopram, was shown to be moderately recalcitrant at 300 °C with 87% removal and was only destroyed at temperatures ≥325 °C (>99% removal). Overall, the results suggest that HTL is a suitable technology for energy efficient and value added sewage sludge treatment enabling destruction of micropollutants.

ACS Style

Lars Bjørn Silva Thomsen; Pedro Carvalho; Juliano Souza dos Passos; Konstantinos Anastasakis; Kai Bester; Patrick Biller. Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge; energy considerations and fate of micropollutants during pilot scale processing. Water Research 2020, 183, 116101 .

AMA Style

Lars Bjørn Silva Thomsen, Pedro Carvalho, Juliano Souza dos Passos, Konstantinos Anastasakis, Kai Bester, Patrick Biller. Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge; energy considerations and fate of micropollutants during pilot scale processing. Water Research. 2020; 183 ():116101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lars Bjørn Silva Thomsen; Pedro Carvalho; Juliano Souza dos Passos; Konstantinos Anastasakis; Kai Bester; Patrick Biller. 2020. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge; energy considerations and fate of micropollutants during pilot scale processing." Water Research 183, no. : 116101.

Review
Published: 01 January 2020 in Blue-Green Systems
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) can protect, manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems. They are a multidisciplinary, integrated approach to address societal challenges and some natural hazards effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS applications can be easily noticed in circular cities, establishing an urban system that is regenerative and accessible. This paper aims to offer a review on NBS for urban water management from the literature and some relevant projects running within the COST Action ‘Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city’. The method used in the study is based on a detailed tracking of specific keywords in the literature using Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Based on this review, three main applications were identified: (i) flood and drought protection; (ii) the water-food-energy nexus; and (iii) water purification. The paper shows that NBS provide additional benefits, such as improving water quality, increasing biodiversity, obtaining social co-benefits, improving urban microclimate, and the reduction of energy consumption by improving indoor climate. The paper concludes that a systemic change to NBS should be given a higher priority and be preferred over conventional water infrastructure.

ACS Style

Hasan Volkan Oral; Pedro Carvalho; Magdalena Gajewska; Nadia Ursino; Fabio Masi; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Jan Kazak; Alfonso Exposito; Giulia Cipolletta; Theis Raaschou Andersen; David C. Finger; Lena Simperler; Martin Regelsberger; Vit Rous; Matej Radinja; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Pawel Krzeminski; Anacleto Rizzo; Kaveh Dehghanian; Mariyana Nikolova; Martin Zimmermann. A review of nature-based solutions for urban water management in European circular cities: a critical assessment based on case studies and literature. Blue-Green Systems 2020, 2, 112 -136.

AMA Style

Hasan Volkan Oral, Pedro Carvalho, Magdalena Gajewska, Nadia Ursino, Fabio Masi, Eric D. van Hullebusch, Jan Kazak, Alfonso Exposito, Giulia Cipolletta, Theis Raaschou Andersen, David C. Finger, Lena Simperler, Martin Regelsberger, Vit Rous, Matej Radinja, Gianluigi Buttiglieri, Pawel Krzeminski, Anacleto Rizzo, Kaveh Dehghanian, Mariyana Nikolova, Martin Zimmermann. A review of nature-based solutions for urban water management in European circular cities: a critical assessment based on case studies and literature. Blue-Green Systems. 2020; 2 (1):112-136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Volkan Oral; Pedro Carvalho; Magdalena Gajewska; Nadia Ursino; Fabio Masi; Eric D. van Hullebusch; Jan Kazak; Alfonso Exposito; Giulia Cipolletta; Theis Raaschou Andersen; David C. Finger; Lena Simperler; Martin Regelsberger; Vit Rous; Matej Radinja; Gianluigi Buttiglieri; Pawel Krzeminski; Anacleto Rizzo; Kaveh Dehghanian; Mariyana Nikolova; Martin Zimmermann. 2020. "A review of nature-based solutions for urban water management in European circular cities: a critical assessment based on case studies and literature." Blue-Green Systems 2, no. 1: 112-136.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2019 in Chemosphere
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Biofilm reactors are a promising biotechnology to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater during tertiary treatment or in water works for drinking water production. This study aimed at investigating the effects of pulsed carbon feeding for promoting the co-degradation of indigenous pharmaceuticals from pre-treated wastewater in a fixed-bed porous biofilm reactor (slow sand filter). The addition of acetate (carbon source) resulted in three different enhancement/limitation effects, which were compound dependent: 1) atenolol and iohexol experienced enhanced co-degradation followed by constant (acetate independent) degradation; 2) metoprolol, iomeprol, diclofenac, propranolol and sulfamethizole co-degradation dependent on aerobic turnover, but inhibited at higher acetate concentrations (60–300 mg C/L); 3) sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were removed independently of oxygen and acetate concentration. Carbamazepine, ditriazoic acid, iopromide; tramadol and venlavaxine were not removed at any acetate dosage. Biofilm reactors can be employed for polishing treated wastewater, and the addition of a primary carbon source can enhance the performance of the bioreactor.

ACS Style

LiangZhang(张良); Pedro N. Carvalho; Ulla E. Bollmann; Haitham Ei-Taliawy; Hans Brix; Kai Bester. Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals in a biofilter: Effects of manipulating co-degradation by carbon feeding. Chemosphere 2019, 236, 124303 .

AMA Style

LiangZhang(张良), Pedro N. Carvalho, Ulla E. Bollmann, Haitham Ei-Taliawy, Hans Brix, Kai Bester. Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals in a biofilter: Effects of manipulating co-degradation by carbon feeding. Chemosphere. 2019; 236 ():124303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

LiangZhang(张良); Pedro N. Carvalho; Ulla E. Bollmann; Haitham Ei-Taliawy; Hans Brix; Kai Bester. 2019. "Enhanced removal of pharmaceuticals in a biofilter: Effects of manipulating co-degradation by carbon feeding." Chemosphere 236, no. : 124303.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2019 in Water Research
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Moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) are promising as a post-treatment for removing pharmaceuticals from wastewater. However, the effect of easily carbon source on the degradation of pharmaceuticals is unclear. This study shows the influence of acetate on the degradation of 26 pharmaceuticals in MBBR was dose- and compound-dependent: while the degradation of venlafaxine, tramadol and ciprofloxacin was promoted (increase of reaction rate constant (k) by 133%, 212%, 55%) by acetate, its presence caused negative effects on the removal of ibuprofen, citalopram and diclofenac (decrease of k by 76%, 57%, 44%). The deconjugation of acetyl-sulfadiazine was clearly slowed down (decrease of k by 75%) by the dosed acetate, probably due to the feedback inhibition by abundant acetate. 17 out of 25 tested compounds were found to be independent of the acetate dosage, which suggested dosing acetate induced minor effects on most of pharmaceuticals’ removal. Enrichment of S or first eluted enantiomer of 4 β-blockers and the metabolite metoprolol acid was observed. Both non-enantioselective (rapid at elevated compound concentration) and enantioselective enzymes (slower and predominant at lower compound concentration) played a part in the biodegradation. High doses of acetate slowed down the enantiomeric enrichment of atenolol, metoprolol, propranolol and metoprolol acid, which demonstrated that the acetate is able to up- or down-regulate enzymes involved in the enantioselective degradation of β-blockers and thus reveals a complex co-metabolism relationship between transformation pathways of pharmaceuticals and carbon source.

ACS Style

Chuanzhou Liang; Liang Zhang; Nadia Brogård Nord; Pedro N. Carvalho; Kai Bester. Dose-dependent effects of acetate on the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in moving bed biofilm reactors. Water Research 2019, 159, 302 -312.

AMA Style

Chuanzhou Liang, Liang Zhang, Nadia Brogård Nord, Pedro N. Carvalho, Kai Bester. Dose-dependent effects of acetate on the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in moving bed biofilm reactors. Water Research. 2019; 159 ():302-312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuanzhou Liang; Liang Zhang; Nadia Brogård Nord; Pedro N. Carvalho; Kai Bester. 2019. "Dose-dependent effects of acetate on the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in moving bed biofilm reactors." Water Research 159, no. : 302-312.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The aim of the present study was to elucidate the microbial community metabolic profiles in saturated constructed wetland (CW) mesocosms planted with five different wetland plant species fed with water individually spiked with 100 μg L−1 ibuprofen or iohexol. Community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) using Biolog Ecoplates was performed and coupled with the assessment of water quality parameters (water temperature, pH, DO and TOC, TN, NH4-N, PO4-P removal efficiency). The microbial community metabolic profiles (microbial activity, richness, and carbon source utilization), as well as the water quality parameters revealed similar trends among the control mesocosms and the mesocosms fed with water spiked with iohexol and ibuprofen. Significant differences were observed between the planted and unplanted mesocosms and between seasons (summer and winter) within each of the feeding lines (control, iohexol or ibuprofen). The microbial community metabolic profiles in the saturated CW were shaped by plant presence and plant species, while no negative impact of iohexol and ibuprofen presence was noticed at the 100 μg L−1. In addition, the microbial activity and richness were generally higher in planted mesocosms than in the unplanted systems in the summer. For the first time, a positive correlation between iohexol removal and the microbial community metabolic profiles (activity, richness and amines and amides utilization in summer, and carbohydrates utilization in winter) in the saturated mesocosms was observed. Putrescine utilization in the summer and d-cellobiose, d,l-alpha-glycerol phosphate in winter were linked with the metabolic processing of iohexol, while glycogen in summer and l-phenylalanine, Glycyl-l-glutamic acid in winter were linked with ibuprofen removal efficiency in the saturated CW.

ACS Style

Yang Zhang; Tao Lyu; LiangZhang(张良); Mark Button; Carlos A Arias; Kela P. Weber; Jianghong Shi; Zhanghe Chen; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. Microbial community metabolic profiles in saturated constructed wetlands treating iohexol and ibuprofen. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 651, 1926 -1934.

AMA Style

Yang Zhang, Tao Lyu, LiangZhang(张良), Mark Button, Carlos A Arias, Kela P. Weber, Jianghong Shi, Zhanghe Chen, Hans Brix, Pedro N. Carvalho. Microbial community metabolic profiles in saturated constructed wetlands treating iohexol and ibuprofen. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 651 ():1926-1934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Zhang; Tao Lyu; LiangZhang(张良); Mark Button; Carlos A Arias; Kela P. Weber; Jianghong Shi; Zhanghe Chen; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. 2018. "Microbial community metabolic profiles in saturated constructed wetlands treating iohexol and ibuprofen." Science of The Total Environment 651, no. : 1926-1934.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-friendly and cost-effective technology to remove organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) from wastewater. The support matrix is an important component in CWs as it has a primary role in the growth and development of plants and microbes. However, the roles of the support matrix in CWs in removing OMPs have not been systematically studied. Therefore, in this study, six common materials (sand, zeolite, blast iron slag, petcoke, polonite and crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC)) as support matrixes were firstly investigated by batch tests to explore their adsorption capacities to selected OMPs (ibuprofen, iohexol, tebuconazole and imazalil). Results showed that the adsorption capacities of the materials were low (at the level of μg/g) compared to well-known sorbents (at the level of mg/g), such as activated carbon and carbon nanotubes. Columns packed with the six materials, respectively, were then built up to study the effects of different materials on microbial community. In the medium-term study (66 days), the removal of four OMPs in all the columns increased by 2-58% from day 25 to day 66, and was mainly attributed to microbial degradation. Furthermore, Community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis indicates that material presence shaped the microbial community metabolic function not only in the interstitial water but also in the biofilm. Overall, all the findings demonstrate that although the adsorption capacities of the common materials are low, they may be a driver to improve the removal of OMPs by altering microbial community function in CWs.

ACS Style

LiangZhang(张良); Tao Lyu; Carlos-Andrés Ramírez-Vargas; Carlos A Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Hans Brix. New insights into the effects of support matrix on the removal of organic micro-pollutants and the microbial community in constructed wetlands. Environmental Pollution 2018, 240, 699 -708.

AMA Style

LiangZhang(张良), Tao Lyu, Carlos-Andrés Ramírez-Vargas, Carlos A Arias, Pedro N. Carvalho, Hans Brix. New insights into the effects of support matrix on the removal of organic micro-pollutants and the microbial community in constructed wetlands. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 240 ():699-708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

LiangZhang(张良); Tao Lyu; Carlos-Andrés Ramírez-Vargas; Carlos A Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Hans Brix. 2018. "New insights into the effects of support matrix on the removal of organic micro-pollutants and the microbial community in constructed wetlands." Environmental Pollution 240, no. : 699-708.

Review
Published: 24 August 2018 in Water
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Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) rely on the presence of the metabolic activity of electroactive bacteria for the use of solid-state electrodes for oxidizing different kinds of compound that can lead to the synthesis of chemicals, bioremediation of polluted matrices, the treatment of contaminants of interest, as well as the recovery of energy. Keeping these possibilities in mind, there has been growing interest in the use of electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment, if possible with simultaneous power generation, since the beginning of the present century. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in exploring the possibility of merging MET with constructed wetlands offering a new option of an intensified wetland system that could maintain a high performance with a lower footprint. Based on that interest, this paper explains the general principles of MET, and the different known extracellular electron transfer mechanisms ruling the interaction between electroactive bacteria and potential solid-state electron acceptors. It also looks at the adoption of those principles for the development of MET set-ups for simultaneous wastewater treatment and power generation, and the challenges that the technology faces. Ultimately, the most recent developments in setups that merge MET with constructed wetlands are presented and discussed.

ACS Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas; Amanda Prado; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Abraham Esteve-Núñez; Hans Brix. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands. Water 2018, 10, 1128 .

AMA Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas, Amanda Prado, Carlos A. Arias, Pedro N. Carvalho, Abraham Esteve-Núñez, Hans Brix. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2018; 10 (9):1128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas; Amanda Prado; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Abraham Esteve-Núñez; Hans Brix. 2018. "Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands." Water 10, no. 9: 1128.

Preprint
Published: 20 July 2018
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Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) rely on the presence of the metabolic activity of electroactive bacteria for the use of solid-state electrodes for oxidizing different kind of compound, that could lead to the synthesis of chemicals, bioremediation of polluted matrices, the treatment of contaminants of interest, as well as the recovery of energy. Keeping in mind those possibilities, since the beginning of the present century, there has been a growing interest in the use of electrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment, and if possible with simultaneous power generation. In the last years, there has been a growing interest to explore the possibility of merging MET with constructed wetlands, to offer a new option of intensified wetland system that could keep a high performance with a lower footprint. Based on that interest, this paper explains the general principles of MET, and the different known extracellular electron transfer mechanisms ruling the interaction between electroactive bacteria and potential solid-state electron acceptors. Also, the adoption of those principles for the development of MET set-ups for simultaneous wastewater treatment and power generation, and the challenges that the technology face. Ultimately, the most recent developments in set-ups that merges MET with constructed wetlands are presented and discussed.

ACS Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas; Amanda Prado; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Abraham Esteve-Núñez; Hans Brix. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas, Amanda Prado, Carlos A. Arias, Pedro N. Carvalho, Abraham Esteve-Núñez, Hans Brix. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos A. Ramírez-Vargas; Amanda Prado; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro N. Carvalho; Abraham Esteve-Núñez; Hans Brix. 2018. "Microbial Electrochemical Technologies for Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Evolution from Microbial Fuel Cells to Bioelectrochemical-Based Constructed Wetlands." , no. : 1.

Journals
Published: 28 June 2018 in Analytical Methods
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Eco-technologies that utilize natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soil and their associated microbial assemblages are increasingly used for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from polluted water.

ACS Style

Pedro N. Carvalho; Yang Zhang; Tao Lyu; Carlos A. Arias; Kai Bester; Hans Brix. Methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in sediments and plant tissue. Analytical Methods 2018, 10, 3791 -3803.

AMA Style

Pedro N. Carvalho, Yang Zhang, Tao Lyu, Carlos A. Arias, Kai Bester, Hans Brix. Methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in sediments and plant tissue. Analytical Methods. 2018; 10 (30):3791-3803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro N. Carvalho; Yang Zhang; Tao Lyu; Carlos A. Arias; Kai Bester; Hans Brix. 2018. "Methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in sediments and plant tissue." Analytical Methods 10, no. 30: 3791-3803.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Water Research
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Microbial degradation is an important pathway during the removal of pharmaceuticals in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the effects of CW design, plant presence, and different plant species on the microbial community in CWs have not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the microbial community metabolic function of different types of CWs used to treat ibuprofen via community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis. We studied the interactions between three CW designs (unsaturated, saturated and aerated) and six types of mesocosms (one unplanted and five planted, with Juncus, Typha, Berula, Phragmites and Iris) treating synthetic wastewater. Results show that the microbial activity and metabolic richness found in the interstitial water and biofilm of the unsaturated designs were lower than those of the saturated and aerated designs. Compared to other CW designs, the aerated mesocosms had the highest microbial activity and metabolic richness in the interstitial water, but similar levels of biofilm microbial activity and metabolic richness to the saturated mesocosms. In all three designs, biofilm microbial metabolic richness was significantly higher (p < .05) than that of interstitial water. Both the interstitial water and biofilm microbial community metabolic function were influenced by CW design, plant presence and species, but design had a greater influence than plants. Moreover, canonical correlation analysis indicated that biofilm microbial communities in the three designs played a key role in ibuprofen degradation. The important factors identified as influencing ibuprofen removal were microbial AWCD (average well color development), microbial metabolic richness, and the utilization of amino acids and amine/amides. The enzymes associated with co-metabolism of L-arginine, L-phenyloalanine and putrescine may be linked to ibuprofen transformations. These results provide useful information for optimizing the operational parameters of CWs to improve ibuprofen removal.

ACS Style

Liang Zhang; Tao Lyu; Yang Zhang; Mark Button; Carlos A Arias; Kela P. Weber; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. Impacts of design configuration and plants on the functionality of the microbial community of mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands treating ibuprofen. Water Research 2018, 131, 228 -238.

AMA Style

Liang Zhang, Tao Lyu, Yang Zhang, Mark Button, Carlos A Arias, Kela P. Weber, Hans Brix, Pedro N. Carvalho. Impacts of design configuration and plants on the functionality of the microbial community of mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands treating ibuprofen. Water Research. 2018; 131 ():228-238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang Zhang; Tao Lyu; Yang Zhang; Mark Button; Carlos A Arias; Kela P. Weber; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. 2018. "Impacts of design configuration and plants on the functionality of the microbial community of mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands treating ibuprofen." Water Research 131, no. : 228-238.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Environmental Pollution
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a promising technology to treat pesticide contaminated water, but its implementation is impeded by lack of data to optimize designs and operating factors. Unsaturated and saturated CW designs were used to compare the removal of triazole pesticide, tebuconazole, in unplanted mesocosms and mesocosms planted with five different plant species: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus and Berula erecta. Tebuconazole removal efficiencies were significantly higher in unsaturated CWs than saturated CWs, showing for the first time the potential of unsaturated CWs to treat tebuconazole contaminated water. An artificial neural network model was demonstrated to provide more accurate predictions of tebuconazole removal than the traditional linear regression model. Also, tebuconazole removal could be fitted an area-based first order kinetics model in both CW designs. The removal rate constants were consistently higher in unsaturated CWs (range of 2.6-10.9 cm d(-1)) than in saturated CWs (range of 1.7-7.9 cm d(-1)) and higher in planted CWs (range of 3.1-10.9 cm d(-1)) than in unplanted CWs (range of 1.7-2.6 cm d(-1)) for both designs. The low levels of sorption of tebuconazole to the substrate (0.7-2.1%) and plant phytoaccumulation (2.5-12.1%) indicate that the major removal pathways were biodegradation and metabolization inside the plants after plant uptake. The main factors influencing tebuconazole removal in the studied systems were system design, hydraulic loading rate and plant presence. Moreover, tebuconazole removal was positively correlated to dissolved oxygen and all nutrients removal.

ACS Style

Tao Lyu; Liang Zhang; Xiao Xu; Carlos A. Arias; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. Removal of the pesticide tebuconazole in constructed wetlands: Design comparison, influencing factors and modelling. Environmental Pollution 2018, 233, 71 -80.

AMA Style

Tao Lyu, Liang Zhang, Xiao Xu, Carlos A. Arias, Hans Brix, Pedro N. Carvalho. Removal of the pesticide tebuconazole in constructed wetlands: Design comparison, influencing factors and modelling. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 233 ():71-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Lyu; Liang Zhang; Xiao Xu; Carlos A. Arias; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. 2018. "Removal of the pesticide tebuconazole in constructed wetlands: Design comparison, influencing factors and modelling." Environmental Pollution 233, no. : 71-80.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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ACS Style

Joana America Castellar Da Cunha; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro Carvalho; Martina Rysulova; Joan Montserrat Canals; Gabriel Pérez; Montserrat Bosch Gonzalez; Jordi Farreras Morató. “WETWALL” - an innovative design concept for the treatment of wastewater at an urban scale. Desalination and Water Treatment 2018, 109, 205 -220.

AMA Style

Joana America Castellar Da Cunha, Carlos A. Arias, Pedro Carvalho, Martina Rysulova, Joan Montserrat Canals, Gabriel Pérez, Montserrat Bosch Gonzalez, Jordi Farreras Morató. “WETWALL” - an innovative design concept for the treatment of wastewater at an urban scale. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2018; 109 ():205-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joana America Castellar Da Cunha; Carlos A. Arias; Pedro Carvalho; Martina Rysulova; Joan Montserrat Canals; Gabriel Pérez; Montserrat Bosch Gonzalez; Jordi Farreras Morató. 2018. "“WETWALL” - an innovative design concept for the treatment of wastewater at an urban scale." Desalination and Water Treatment 109, no. : 205-220.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of constructed wetland design (unsaturated, saturated and aerated saturated) and plant species (Juncus, Typha, Berula, Phragmites and Iris) on the mass removal and removal kinetics of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen. Planted systems had higher ibuprofen removal rates (29%-99%) than in the unplanted ones (15%-85%) in all designs. The use of forced aeration improved ibuprofen removal only in the unplanted mesocosms. In general, ibuprofen removal followed an area-based first-order removal kinetics model with removal rate coefficients (kA) varying between 3 and 35cm/d. The ibuprofen removal was mainly attributed to microbial degradation by the fixed bed biofilm, but plant uptake and degradation within plant tissues also occurred. The ibuprofen removal was positively correlated with the oxygen concentration in the water and the removal of nutrients, indicating that degradation may be due to co-metabolisation processes.

ACS Style

LiangZhang(张良); Tao Lv; Yang Zhang; Otto R. Stein; Carlos A Arias; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. Effects of constructed wetland design on ibuprofen removal – A mesocosm scale study. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 609, 38 -45.

AMA Style

LiangZhang(张良), Tao Lv, Yang Zhang, Otto R. Stein, Carlos A Arias, Hans Brix, Pedro N. Carvalho. Effects of constructed wetland design on ibuprofen removal – A mesocosm scale study. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 609 ():38-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

LiangZhang(张良); Tao Lv; Yang Zhang; Otto R. Stein; Carlos A Arias; Hans Brix; Pedro N. Carvalho. 2017. "Effects of constructed wetland design on ibuprofen removal – A mesocosm scale study." Science of The Total Environment 609, no. : 38-45.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Environmental Pollution
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Phytoremediation of realistic environmental concentrations (10 μg L) of the chiral pesticides tebuconazole and imazalil by Phragmites australis was investigated. This study focussed on removal dynamics, enantioselective mechanisms and transformation products (TPs) in both hydroponic growth solutions and plant tissues. For the first time, we documented uptake, translocation and metabolisation of these pesticides inside wetland plants, using enantioselective analysis. Tebuconazole and imazalil removal efficiencies from water reached 96.1% and 99.8%, respectively, by the end of the experiment (day 24). Removal from the solutions could be described by first-order removal kinetics with removal rate constants of 0.14 d for tebuconazole and 0.31 d for imazalil. Removal of the pesticides from the hydroponic solution, plant uptake, within plant translocation and degradation occurred simultaneously. Tebuconazole and imazalil concentrations inside Phragmites peaked at day 10 and 5d, respectively, and decreased thereafter. TPs of tebuconazole i.e., (5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-pentanediol and 5-(3-((1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylpentyl)-2-chlorophenol) were quantified in solution, while the imazalil TPs (α-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol and 3-[1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]-1,2-propanediol) were quantified in both solution and plant tissue. Pesticide uptake by Phragmites was positively correlated with evapotranspiration. Pesticide removal from the hydroponic solution was not enantioselective. However, tebuconazole was degraded enantioselectively both in the roots and shoots. Imazalil translocation and degradation inside Phragmites were also enantioselective: R-imazalil translocated faster than S-imazalil.

ACS Style

Tao Lv; Pedro N. Carvalho; Mònica Escolà Casas; Ulla E. Bollmann; Carlos A. Arias; Hans Brix; Kai Bester. Enantioselective uptake, translocation and degradation of the chiral pesticides tebuconazole and imazalil by Phragmites australis. Environmental Pollution 2017, 229, 362 -370.

AMA Style

Tao Lv, Pedro N. Carvalho, Mònica Escolà Casas, Ulla E. Bollmann, Carlos A. Arias, Hans Brix, Kai Bester. Enantioselective uptake, translocation and degradation of the chiral pesticides tebuconazole and imazalil by Phragmites australis. Environmental Pollution. 2017; 229 ():362-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Lv; Pedro N. Carvalho; Mònica Escolà Casas; Ulla E. Bollmann; Carlos A. Arias; Hans Brix; Kai Bester. 2017. "Enantioselective uptake, translocation and degradation of the chiral pesticides tebuconazole and imazalil by Phragmites australis." Environmental Pollution 229, no. : 362-370.