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Dr. Fabio Masi
IRIDRA Srl, Florence, Italy

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0 Constructed Wetlands
0 Water Sensitive Urban Design
0 circular economy
0 sustainable water management
0 water pollution control

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Constructed Wetlands
Nature Based Solutions
treatment wetlands
circular economy
sustainable water management
water pollution control

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Review
Published: 04 March 2021
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The water, energy, and food security nexus (WEF Nexus) is the interlinkage between water security, energy security, and food security. An increasing world population is projected to increase energy and food requirements, which will increase the need for freshwater drastically in the coming decades. Projected climate change impacts will aggravate water availability, especially in urban areas. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have proven to generate multiple benefits that defuse the expected merging tensions within the WEF Nexus. This paper outlines the theories, provides examples, and discusses the potential of NBS to address the future WEF Nexus. For this purpose we reviewed recent papers on the theories of WE, WF, EF, and WEF Nexus, we described and summarized 19 representative real-life case studies, and we identified the knowledge gap within the theory and the case studies. We provide quantitative potentials and qualitative benefits for NBS described in the literature over the past decades. Our review demonstrated the impressive potential of NBS to address the projected challenges within the WEF Nexus. The study concludes by recommending NBS for specific WEF Nexus challenges and highlighting the need for decision-makers to consider the implementation of NBS in urban planings.

ACS Style

Pedro N Carvalho; David Finger; Fabio Masi; Giulia Cipolletta; Hasan Volkan Oral; Attila Tóth; Martin Regelsberger; Alfonso Exposito. A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Pedro N Carvalho, David Finger, Fabio Masi, Giulia Cipolletta, Hasan Volkan Oral, Attila Tóth, Martin Regelsberger, Alfonso Exposito. A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro N Carvalho; David Finger; Fabio Masi; Giulia Cipolletta; Hasan Volkan Oral; Attila Tóth; Martin Regelsberger; Alfonso Exposito. 2021. "A review of the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) to address the challenges of the water-energy-food nexus (WEF Nexus) in the coming decades." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions (NBS) for water pollution control that can also be designed to be multipurpose in terms of additional ecosystem services (ESs), such as biodiversity support and social benefits. Awareness about additional ESs of CWs can be raised with value transfer (VT) methods for ESs monetization, in particular, the simplified adjusted unit VT method. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to compare grey and green infrastructure alternatives for the management of a combined sewer overflow in the Buccinasco town (Italy), in which the criteria related to ESs were monetized with an adjusted VT method (B£ST software). The results highlighted the potential interest in the implementation of the green infrastructure in a new urban park, due to the activation of additional ESs of interest, such as health and recreational aspects. The results were also confirmed by a sensitivity analysis, which simulated the variation of preferences among different stakeholder groups (e.g., citizens, environmentalists). In conclusion, this work provided a transparent methodology to support decisions regarding green and grey infrastructure, allowing to evaluate additional ESs from the beginning of the decision stage with low cost and efforts.

ACS Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Giulio Conte; Fabio Masi. Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1531 .

AMA Style

Anacleto Rizzo, Giulio Conte, Fabio Masi. Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Giulio Conte; Fabio Masi. 2021. "Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1531.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Nature-based solutions, such as Constructed Wetlands (CWs), for the treatment of industrial wastewater can be more efficiently operated making use of online monitored parameters as inlet/outlet flows and concentrations for specific substances. The present study compares different datasets acquired in a two-and-a-half-year-long period by normal laboratory methods and also from a specific COD/BOD sensor installed at a winery CWs wastewater treatment plant in Tuscany, Italy. The CW wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is composed of: equalization tank (70 m3); French Reed Bed (1200 m2); horizontal subsurface flow (HF) CW (960 m2): free water system (850 m2); optional post-treatment sand filter (50 m2); and emergency recirculation. The obtained average performances for this last period are for COD 97.5%, for MBAS 93.1%, for N-NO2- 84.7%, for NO3- 39.9%, and for TP 45.5%. The online sensor has shown excellent performance in following the COD concentration patterns along the observed period. The qualitative and quantitative validity of the online sensor measurements has been assessed by statistical analysis (t-test) and reported in the paper. Online data, acquired every 30 min, availability is of extreme importance for the CW system performance optimization, for understanding the behavior of the WWTP in different operative scenarios, and finally for driving the powering on or off eventual process enhancement tools.

ACS Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 555 .

AMA Style

Anacleto Rizzo, Riccardo Bresciani, Nicola Martinuzzi, Fabio Masi. Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. 2020. "Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2: 555.

Review
Published: 15 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Recognizing greywater as a relevant secondary source of water and nutrients represents an important chance for the sustainable management of water resource. In the last two decades, many studies analysed the environmental, economic, and energetic benefits of the reuse of greywater treated by nature-based solutions (NBS). This work reviews existing case studies of traditional constructed wetlands and new integrated technologies (e.g., green roofs and green walls) for greywater treatment and reuse, with a specific focus on their treatment performance as a function of hydraulic operating parameters. The aim of this work is to understand if the application of NBS can represent a valid alternative to conventional treatment technologies, providing quantitative indications for their design. Specifically, indications concerning threshold values of hydraulic design parameters to guarantee high removal performance are suggested. Finally, the existing literature on life cycle analysis of NBS for greywater treatment has been examined, confirming the provided environmental benefits.

ACS Style

Fulvio Boano; Alice Caruso; Elisa Costamagna; Luca Ridolfi; Silvia Fiore; Francesca Demichelis; Ana Galvão; Joana Pisoeiro; Anacleto Rizzo; Fabio Masi. A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 711, 134731 .

AMA Style

Fulvio Boano, Alice Caruso, Elisa Costamagna, Luca Ridolfi, Silvia Fiore, Francesca Demichelis, Ana Galvão, Joana Pisoeiro, Anacleto Rizzo, Fabio Masi. A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 711 ():134731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fulvio Boano; Alice Caruso; Elisa Costamagna; Luca Ridolfi; Silvia Fiore; Francesca Demichelis; Ana Galvão; Joana Pisoeiro; Anacleto Rizzo; Fabio Masi. 2019. "A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits." Science of The Total Environment 711, no. : 134731.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Treatment wetlands (TWs) have shown good capacity in dye removal from textile wastewater. However, the high hydraulic retention times (HRTs) required by these solutions and the connected high area requirements, remain a big drawback towards the application of TWs for dye treatment at full scale. Aerated TWs are interesting intensified solutions that attempt to reduce the TW required area. Therefore, an aerated CW pilot plant, composed of a 20 m2 horizontal subsurface flow TW (HF) and a 21 m2 Free Water System (FWS), equipped with aeration pipelines, was built and monitored to investigate the potential reduction of required area for dye removal from the effluent wastewater of a centralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). During a 8 months long study, experimenting with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs – 1.2, 2.6 and 3.5 days) and aeration modes (intermittent and continuous), the pilot plant has shown a normal biological degradation for organic matter and nutrients, while the residual dye removal has been very low, as demonstrated by the absorbance measure at three wavelengths: at 426 nm (blue) the removal varies from −55% at influent absorbance of 0.010 to 41% at 0.060; at 558 nm (yellow) the removal is negative at 0.005 (−58%) and high at higher influent concentrations (72% at 0.035 of absorbance for the inlet); at 660 nm (red) −82% of removal efficiency was obtained at influent absorbance of 0.002 and 74% at 0.010. These results are a consequence of the biological oxidation processes taking place in the WWTP, so that the residual dye seems to be resistant to further aerobic degradation. Therefore, TWs enhanced by aeration can provide only a buffer effect on peak dye concentrations.

ACS Style

F. Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; R. Bresciani; N. Martinuzzi; S.D. Wallace; D. Van Oirschot; F. Macor; T. Rossini; Riccardo Fornaroli; V. Mezzanotte. Lessons learnt from a pilot study on residual dye removal by an aerated treatment wetland. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 648, 144 -152.

AMA Style

F. Masi, Anacleto Rizzo, R. Bresciani, N. Martinuzzi, S.D. Wallace, D. Van Oirschot, F. Macor, T. Rossini, Riccardo Fornaroli, V. Mezzanotte. Lessons learnt from a pilot study on residual dye removal by an aerated treatment wetland. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 648 ():144-152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; R. Bresciani; N. Martinuzzi; S.D. Wallace; D. Van Oirschot; F. Macor; T. Rossini; Riccardo Fornaroli; V. Mezzanotte. 2018. "Lessons learnt from a pilot study on residual dye removal by an aerated treatment wetland." Science of The Total Environment 648, no. : 144-152.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Ecological Engineering
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Treatment wetland technologies for wastewater treatment can be easily applied for removal of all pollutants except phosphorous. They are applicable in a small towns and rural areas, places where conventional wastewater treatment plant cannot properly operate because of common economic constraints. In Poland only the 8% of rural areas are equipped with sewer system, thus treatment wetlands might be an alternative, effective and low-cost method to treat wastewater from households. The aim of this study was to optimise the operational parameters for Phoslock® application on treated wastewater and to prove that Phoslock® may also be successfully used to remove phosphorus compounds from treated wastewater and possibly recover them. Phoslock® also known as lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) is an adsorbent material developed by the Land and Water Division of Australia’s CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization). Experimental trials were carried out in the laboratory with batch reactors pilot units in three separate stages to establish sorption capacity of material, define characteristic constants of isotherms of adsorption and verify kinetic parameters by using pseudo-second order model. Carried out research confirmed high sorption capacity of LMB – Phoslock® for removal of phosphorous compounds from wastewater both synthetic and effluent from treatment wetland. Performed kinetic studies have shown that LMB is much less effective in case of real effluent from WWTP (2.09 mg/g) than in synthetic wastewater (4.31 mg/g). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models have shown relatively good matching of isotherms in graphical. Results obtained for kinetic studies have shown correlation coefficient close to 1.0 both for synthetic and effluent from WWTP. Application of LMB caused not only a rapid decrease of PO43−-P concentration, but also no other meaningful influence on the water solution was discovered.

ACS Style

Magda Kasprzyk; Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak; Fabio Masi; Magdalena Gajewska. Possibilities of Phoslock® application to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater treated in hybrid wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2018, 122, 84 -90.

AMA Style

Magda Kasprzyk, Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak, Fabio Masi, Magdalena Gajewska. Possibilities of Phoslock® application to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater treated in hybrid wetlands. Ecological Engineering. 2018; 122 ():84-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magda Kasprzyk; Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak; Fabio Masi; Magdalena Gajewska. 2018. "Possibilities of Phoslock® application to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater treated in hybrid wetlands." Ecological Engineering 122, no. : 84-90.

Book chapter
Published: 06 July 2018 in Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
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Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) represents a significant environmental threat in all olive producing countries, mainly in the Mediterranean basin such as Italy, Greece, Tunisia and Spain, which cover almost 78% of the global olive oil production. The specific characteristics of OMW (dark color, strong smell, acid pH, high salinity, high content of phenolic and fatty substances, high organic matter concentrations) combined with their large production volumes and extremely unequal annual production distribution (production mainly during the winter months), give OMW a strong polluting potential and strong antibacterial and phytotoxic properties. Hence, OMW production requires the development and implementation of strict management. Considering this, the technology of Constructed Wetlands appears as an ideal solution for OMW treatment of small and remote agro‐industrial facilities, due to the extremely low operational costs, relatively easy and simple operation, minimum mechanical equipment, almost zero by‐products and the autonomous operation without the need for specialized staff. This chapter presents the experiences of Greece on the use of wetland systems for OMW treatment and a successful innovative pilot system in Italy. Finally, advantages, disadvantages, and lessons learnt from the described case studies are discussed.

ACS Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani; Dimitrios V. Vayenas; C.S. Akratos; A.G. Tekerlekopoulou; Alexandros Stefanakis. Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands. Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2018, 163 -174.

AMA Style

F. Masi, A. Rizzo, R. Bresciani, Dimitrios V. Vayenas, C.S. Akratos, A.G. Tekerlekopoulou, Alexandros Stefanakis. Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands. Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. 2018; ():163-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani; Dimitrios V. Vayenas; C.S. Akratos; A.G. Tekerlekopoulou; Alexandros Stefanakis. 2018. "Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands." Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment , no. : 163-174.

Book chapter
Published: 06 July 2018 in Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
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In the beverage industry, wine and beer are two of the most popular and widely consumed products worldwide. Their production, however, is related to the generation of large wastewater volumes with high contents of various pollutants. Hence, their proper treatment and management is necessary in order to protect the effluent receiving water bodies. Constructed Wetlands for winery wastewater treatment is already successfully widely applied in many countries around the world. On the other hand, Constructed Wetlands applications for brewery wastewater are still limited. This chapter presents useful information on Constructed Wetlands systems applied for both winery and brewery wastewater. An analysis of winery and brewery wastewater production and characterization is presented, along with two Constructed Wetlands case studies, indicating the most advanced solutions for wineries and reporting all the CW experiences for breweries available to date. Finally, an interesting cost‐benefit comparison among CW solutions for wineries is proposed.

ACS Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani. Treatment of Wineries and Breweries Effluents using Constructed Wetlands. Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 2018, 95 -104.

AMA Style

F. Masi, A. Rizzo, R. Bresciani. Treatment of Wineries and Breweries Effluents using Constructed Wetlands. Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment. 2018; ():95-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani. 2018. "Treatment of Wineries and Breweries Effluents using Constructed Wetlands." Constructed Wetlands for Industrial Wastewater Treatment , no. : 95-104.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2018 in Chemosphere
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This study performed in Sapanca Lake catchment area, used as a drinking water resource. Two highways located at northern and southern shores, and a railway at its south are significant sources of pollution. As a possible solution for protecting water quality a pocket wetland constructed and operated. Performances statistically interpreted by Spearman's Correlation test and univariate analysis of variance on collected data. The mean removal efficiencies obtaited were 52% (TSS), 4% (Nitrate), 26% (TN), −5% (TOC), 63% (TP), 4.5% (Chloride), 3% (Sulfate), 33% (Cr), 39% (Co), −19.5% (Ni), 7% (Cu), 55% (Zn), 36% (As), 38% (Cd) and 18% (Pb). TSS removal was in positive significant medium correlation with Co, Cu, Zn, and Pb removal respectively (p < 0.05). Other statistically significant positive high correlations calculated between removal efficiency of Nitrate–TN, Chloride–Sulfate, Cr–Co–Cu–As–Cd. According to ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test results, removal efficiencies of TSS and TOC partially affected by different temperature (p < 0.1 for TSS and p < 0.05 for TOC) and pH ranges (p < 0.1 for both removal efficiencies), TP removal efficiency significantly affected by different pH ranges (p < 0.001), and Chloride and Sulfate removal efficiencies were significantly (p < 0.001) affected by different temperature ranges. Regardless of geographical location and climatic factors, pocket wetland systems can be relied upon for minimizing heavy metals such as Cr, Co, Zn, As, Cd and Pb and critical pollutants such as TP and TSS caused by highway runoff.

ACS Style

Cem Senduran; Kemal Gunes; Duygu Topaloglu; Omer Hulusi Dede; Fabio Masi; Ozen Arli Kucukosmanoglu. Mitigation and treatment of pollutants from railway and highway runoff by pocket wetland system; A case study. Chemosphere 2018, 204, 335 -343.

AMA Style

Cem Senduran, Kemal Gunes, Duygu Topaloglu, Omer Hulusi Dede, Fabio Masi, Ozen Arli Kucukosmanoglu. Mitigation and treatment of pollutants from railway and highway runoff by pocket wetland system; A case study. Chemosphere. 2018; 204 ():335-343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cem Senduran; Kemal Gunes; Duygu Topaloglu; Omer Hulusi Dede; Fabio Masi; Ozen Arli Kucukosmanoglu. 2018. "Mitigation and treatment of pollutants from railway and highway runoff by pocket wetland system; A case study." Chemosphere 204, no. : 335-343.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2018 in Journal of Hydrology
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Urban runoff negatively impacts the receiving streams and different solutions have been proposed in literature to limit the effect of urbanization on the water balance. These solutions suggest to manage urban runoff in order to switch from a post-development river hydrograph (high peak and short duration) back again to a pre-development hydrograph (low peak and high duration). Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) represent severe pollutant sources for receiving streams due to the combination of first flush of roads and sewers and black water conveyed by combined sewer systems. Constructed wetlands for CSO treatment (CSO-CWs) are adopted with increasing frequency for reducing pollutant inputs to streams. Moreover, these systems exhibit the characteristic to behave similarly to ponds, wetlands, and bioretention systems that provide flood mitigation by decreasing the intensity of peak flows. This work aims to show the additional ecosystem service provided by CSO-CWs in term of limitation of the hydraulic impact of CSO on stream hydrograph. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the hydraulic behavior of a real case study situated in Gorla Maggiore (Italy), which includes vertical flow subsurface beds (VF) as first stage and a free water surface bed (FWS) as second stage. The model simulates the unsaturated flow within VF and the accumulation of water on the top of VF and within FWS. Results show a satisfactory lamination performance of the system for both single and up to 5 consecutive flood events, with a peak flow reduction ranging from 52.7% to 95.4%. Withdrawn of flow rate from the river in order to cope with long dry period does not significantly affect the lamination performances. The considered CSO-CW exhibits an excellent lamination efficiency also during more intense floods events, with a peak flow reduction of 86.2% for a CSO event with return period of 10 years. The flow rate frequency density function determined by the CSO-CW is more shifted towards lower values compared to untreated CSOs. These results indicate that CSO-CWs work properly in terms of reduction of CSO urbanization impact on stream hydrology.

ACS Style

A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani; F. Masi; F. Boano; R. Revelli; L. Ridolfi. Flood reduction as an ecosystem service of constructed wetlands for combined sewer overflow. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 560, 150 -159.

AMA Style

A. Rizzo, R. Bresciani, F. Masi, F. Boano, R. Revelli, L. Ridolfi. Flood reduction as an ecosystem service of constructed wetlands for combined sewer overflow. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 560 ():150-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Rizzo; R. Bresciani; F. Masi; F. Boano; R. Revelli; L. Ridolfi. 2018. "Flood reduction as an ecosystem service of constructed wetlands for combined sewer overflow." Journal of Hydrology 560, no. : 150-159.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2018 in Water
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French Reed Bed (FRB) is a particular constructed wetland (CW) solution which receives raw wastewater. Data from the full-scale FRB wastewater treatment plant of Castelluccio di Norcia (center of Italy) were collected to show the FRB capability to minimize the operational and management (O&M) costs. The system was designed to treat wastewater variable from 200 person equivalent (PE) in off-season up to 1000 PE. Data from 2014 up to 2016 showed high removal efficiency in line with French experiences with FRBs. An interview was conducted with the Water Utility to estimate the operational and maintenance (O&M) costs faced by the WWTP, which allowed us to detail the O&M costs for energy consumption, water quality samples, and personnel for inspection. Other O&M expenditure items were estimated on the basis of parametric costs from the executive design. The FRB O&M costs in euro for 500–1000 PE (6–11 € PE−1 year−1) resulted from 5 to 13 lower in comparison to those reported for classical activated sludge systems in an Italian context (45–90 € year−1). The low O&M costs are mainly due to the limited energy consumed and to the minimized costs of sludge management.

ACS Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. French Reed Bed as a Solution to Minimize the Operational and Maintenance Costs of Wastewater Treatment from a Small Settlement: An Italian Example. Water 2018, 10, 156 .

AMA Style

Anacleto Rizzo, Riccardo Bresciani, Nicola Martinuzzi, Fabio Masi. French Reed Bed as a Solution to Minimize the Operational and Maintenance Costs of Wastewater Treatment from a Small Settlement: An Italian Example. Water. 2018; 10 (2):156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. 2018. "French Reed Bed as a Solution to Minimize the Operational and Maintenance Costs of Wastewater Treatment from a Small Settlement: An Italian Example." Water 10, no. 2: 156.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Ecosystem Services
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The operational challenges of integrated ecosystem service (ES) appraisals are determined by study purpose, system complexity and uncertainty, decision-makers’ requirements for reliability and accuracy of methods, and approaches to stakeholder–science interaction in different decision contexts. To explore these factors we defined an information gap hypothesis, based on a theory of cumulative uncertainty in ES appraisals. When decision context requirements for accuracy and reliability increase, and the expected uncertainty of the ES appraisal methods also increases, the likelihood of methods being used is expected to drop, creating a potential information gap in governance. In order to test this information gap hypothesis, we evaluate 26 case studies and 80 ecosystem services appraisals in a large integrated EU research project. We find some support for a decreasing likelihood of ES appraisal methods coinciding with increasing accuracy and reliability requirements of the decision-support context, and with increasing uncertainty. We do not find that information costs are the explanation for this information gap, but rather that the research project interacted mostly with stakeholders outside the most decision-relevant contexts. The paper discusses how alternative definitions of integrated valuation can lead to different interpretations of decision-support information, and different governance approaches to dealing with uncertainty

ACS Style

D.N. Barton; E. Kelemen; J. Dick; Berta Martin-Lopez; E. Gómez-Baggethun; Sander Jacobs; C.M.A. Hendriks; Mette Termansen; M. García- Llorente; Eeva Primmer; R. Dunford; P.A. Harrison; Francis Turkelboom; H. Saarikoski; J. van Dijk; G.M. Rusch; Ignacio Palomo; Vesa Yli-Pelkonen; Laurence Carvalho; F. Baró; Johannes Langemeyer; J. Tjalling van der Wal; Peter Mederly; Joerg Priess; Sandra Luque; Pam Berry; Rui Santos; D. Odee; Guillermo José Martínez Pastur; G. García Blanco; S-R. Saarela; D. Silaghi; G. Pataki; Fabio Masi; A. Vădineanu; R. Mukhopadhyay; D.M. Lapola. (Dis) integrated valuation – Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support. Ecosystem Services 2018, 29, 529 -541.

AMA Style

D.N. Barton, E. Kelemen, J. Dick, Berta Martin-Lopez, E. Gómez-Baggethun, Sander Jacobs, C.M.A. Hendriks, Mette Termansen, M. García- Llorente, Eeva Primmer, R. Dunford, P.A. Harrison, Francis Turkelboom, H. Saarikoski, J. van Dijk, G.M. Rusch, Ignacio Palomo, Vesa Yli-Pelkonen, Laurence Carvalho, F. Baró, Johannes Langemeyer, J. Tjalling van der Wal, Peter Mederly, Joerg Priess, Sandra Luque, Pam Berry, Rui Santos, D. Odee, Guillermo José Martínez Pastur, G. García Blanco, S-R. Saarela, D. Silaghi, G. Pataki, Fabio Masi, A. Vădineanu, R. Mukhopadhyay, D.M. Lapola. (Dis) integrated valuation – Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support. Ecosystem Services. 2018; 29 ():529-541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.N. Barton; E. Kelemen; J. Dick; Berta Martin-Lopez; E. Gómez-Baggethun; Sander Jacobs; C.M.A. Hendriks; Mette Termansen; M. García- Llorente; Eeva Primmer; R. Dunford; P.A. Harrison; Francis Turkelboom; H. Saarikoski; J. van Dijk; G.M. Rusch; Ignacio Palomo; Vesa Yli-Pelkonen; Laurence Carvalho; F. Baró; Johannes Langemeyer; J. Tjalling van der Wal; Peter Mederly; Joerg Priess; Sandra Luque; Pam Berry; Rui Santos; D. Odee; Guillermo José Martínez Pastur; G. García Blanco; S-R. Saarela; D. Silaghi; G. Pataki; Fabio Masi; A. Vădineanu; R. Mukhopadhyay; D.M. Lapola. 2018. "(Dis) integrated valuation – Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support." Ecosystem Services 29, no. : 529-541.

Meta analysis
Published: 07 December 2017 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Wastewater management is included in one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 6 is dedicated to water and sanitation and sets out to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”. SDG 6 expands the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) focus on drinking water and basic sanitation to now cover the entire water cycle, including the management of water, wastewater and ecosystem resources. A UN report in 2017 states that likely over 80% of the wastewater worldwide is still discharged without adequate treatment. In several countries the wastewater management is nowadays a norm, but still there are open discussions about the kind of approach to be adopted, i.e. centralisation vs. decentralisation. The choice of the adopted technologies is strictly linked to environmental performances and economical aspects; one of the possible causes for the still enormous amount of untreated wastewater discharged into the environment can be the low “willingness to pay” for this kind of service and therefore a great focus should be given to all the technologies that are able to lower the treatment costs still maintaining reliable and robust performances in the long term. When considering wastewater as a carrier of valuable primary chemicals that can be easily converted to marketable products (fertilisers, bio-plastics, soil conditioners, biofuels, etc.), and as well as a relevant source of “new water” to be used for specific purposes, wastewater and runoff management can be highlighted as one of the most exciting challenges and occasions for a sustainable development in the near future. The paper aims to clarify the future role of CWs in circular economy, resource-oriented, and ecosystem services approaches, which want to respond to sanitation worldwide and the future research needs. We give an overview on how the conventional wastewater treatment scheme (what we call “waste paradigm”) should move towards more sustainable water and biogeochemical cycles following the new resource-oriented, circular economy and ecosystem service views. On this basis, we review the potential application of CWs within this new, and needed, paradigm. Finally, a meta-analysis shows that the scientific community involved in CWs should put more effort in making CWs more suitable for these new tasks.

ACS Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; M. Regelsberger. The role of constructed wetlands in a new circular economy, resource oriented, and ecosystem services paradigm. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 216, 275 -284.

AMA Style

F. Masi, A. Rizzo, M. Regelsberger. The role of constructed wetlands in a new circular economy, resource oriented, and ecosystem services paradigm. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 216 ():275-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; A. Rizzo; M. Regelsberger. 2017. "The role of constructed wetlands in a new circular economy, resource oriented, and ecosystem services paradigm." Journal of Environmental Management 216, no. : 275-284.

Review
Published: 27 November 2017 in Water Science and Technology
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Treatment wetlands (TWs) are engineered systems that mimic the processes in natural wetlands with the purpose of treating contaminated water. Being a simple and robust technology, TWs are applied worldwide to treat various types of water. Besides treated water for reuse, TWs can be used in resources-oriented sanitation systems for recovering nutrients and carbon, as well as for growing biomass for energy production. Additionally, TWs provide a large number of ecosystem services. Integrating green infrastructure into urban developments can thus facilitate circular economy approaches and has positive impacts on environment, economy and health.

ACS Style

Guenter Langergraber; Fabio Masi. Treatment wetlands in decentralised approaches for linking sanitation to energy and food security. Water Science and Technology 2017, 77, 859 -860.

AMA Style

Guenter Langergraber, Fabio Masi. Treatment wetlands in decentralised approaches for linking sanitation to energy and food security. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 77 (4):859-860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guenter Langergraber; Fabio Masi. 2017. "Treatment wetlands in decentralised approaches for linking sanitation to energy and food security." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 4: 859-860.

Evaluation study
Published: 29 March 2017 in Water Science and Technology
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A two-stage vertical flow treatment wetlands system (French reed beds) was realized in 2012–2013 for the Orhei's town in Moldova. The treatment system occupies a total area of about 5 ha and operates in cold climate conditions during winter, with air temperatures below −20 °C. The first 2 years (2013–2015) of treatment performances for this system are presented here, with a particular highlight on the analysis of the commissioning phase and the operative choices taken along this period basing on the observed results. The specific classification of this application of constructed wetlands (CWs) for the primary and secondary treatment of municipal wastewater as a medium-large size system makes this technical report a relevant reference for demonstrating the possible extension to the highest numbers of inhabitants for the common application range of this family of technologies (CWs) for municipal wastewater. The observed performances for organic carbon (both as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)), suspended solids and ammonia removals in the whole first operational period consistently satisfied the national limits for discharge in rivers, respectively, with average values of 86%, 96% and 66%. The treated daily flow was measured in the range of 1,000–2,000 m3/d.

ACS Style

F. Masi; R. Bresciani; N. Martinuzzi; G. Cigarini; Anacleto Rizzo. Large scale application of French reed beds: municipal wastewater treatment for a 20,000 inhabitant's town in Moldova. Water Science and Technology 2017, 76, 134 -146.

AMA Style

F. Masi, R. Bresciani, N. Martinuzzi, G. Cigarini, Anacleto Rizzo. Large scale application of French reed beds: municipal wastewater treatment for a 20,000 inhabitant's town in Moldova. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 76 (1):134-146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; R. Bresciani; N. Martinuzzi; G. Cigarini; Anacleto Rizzo. 2017. "Large scale application of French reed beds: municipal wastewater treatment for a 20,000 inhabitant's town in Moldova." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 1: 134-146.

Evaluation study
Published: 27 March 2017 in Water Science and Technology
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Swine wastewater management is often affected by two main issues: a too high volume for optimal reuse as a fertilizer and a too high strength for an economically sustainable treatment by classical solutions. Hence, an innovative scheme has been tested to treat swine wastewater, combining a low cost anaerobic reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), with intensified constructed wetlands (aerated CWs) in a pilot scale experimental study. The swine wastewater described in this paper is produced by a swine production facility situated in North Italy. The scheme of the pilot plant consisted of: (i) canvas-based thickener; (ii) UASB; (iii) two intensified aerated vertical subsurface flow CWs in series; (iv) a horizontal flow subsurface CW. The influent wastewater quality has been defined for total suspended solids (TSS 25,025 ± 9,323 mg/l), organic carbon (chemical oxygen demand (COD) 29,350 ± 16,983 mg/l), total reduced nitrogen and ammonium (total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 1,783 ± 498 mg/l and N-NH4+ 735 ± 251 mg/l) and total phosphorus (1,285 ± 270 mg/l), with nitrates almost absent. The overall system has shown excellent performances in terms of TSS, COD, N-NH4+ and TKN removal efficiencies (99.9%, 99.6%, 99.5%, and 99.0%, respectively). Denitrification (N-NO3− effluent concentration equal to 614 ± 268 mg/l) did not meet the Italian quality standards for discharging in water bodies, mainly because the organic carbon was almost completely removed in the intensified CW beds.

ACS Style

F. Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; N. Martinuzzi; S. D. Wallace; D. Van Oirschot; P. Salazzari; Erik Meers; R. Bresciani. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and aerated constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment: a pilot study. Water Science and Technology 2017, 76, 68 -78.

AMA Style

F. Masi, Anacleto Rizzo, N. Martinuzzi, S. D. Wallace, D. Van Oirschot, P. Salazzari, Erik Meers, R. Bresciani. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and aerated constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment: a pilot study. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 76 (1):68-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; N. Martinuzzi; S. D. Wallace; D. Van Oirschot; P. Salazzari; Erik Meers; R. Bresciani. 2017. "Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and aerated constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment: a pilot study." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 1: 68-78.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Ecosystem Services
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In this study we assess multiple benefits (environmental, social and economic) provided by a multi-purpose green infrastructure (a series of constructed wetlands surrounded by a park) in a peri-urban area, and compare it with the alternative grey infrastructure and with the previous situation (a poplar plantation). We apply a multi-criteria analysis as a basis for integrated valuation. We address specific policy needs (strategic objectives) for the local territorial planning in the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive. The analysis is used retrospectively (ex post evaluation) but our results could also be used prospectively to appraise new proposals of constructed wetlands under similar circumstances. The results reflect that the green infrastructure performs equal or even better than the grey infrastructure alternative for water purification and flood protection, it has a similar cost, and it provides additional benefits (like wildlife support and recreation). The most preferred alternative is the green infrastructure, followed by the grey infrastructure and the poplar plantation. This study demonstrates (a) the effectiveness of investments on nature-based solutions, (b) the potential of green infrastructures for delivering a broad range of ecosystem services, and (c) the utility of integrating different value systems and stakeholders’ viewpoints to support environmental decision-making.JRC.D.2-Water and Marine Resource

ACS Style

Camino Liquete; Angel Udias; Giulio Conte; Bruna Grizzetti; Fabio Masi. Integrated valuation of a nature-based solution for water pollution control. Highlighting hidden benefits. Ecosystem Services 2016, 22, 392 -401.

AMA Style

Camino Liquete, Angel Udias, Giulio Conte, Bruna Grizzetti, Fabio Masi. Integrated valuation of a nature-based solution for water pollution control. Highlighting hidden benefits. Ecosystem Services. 2016; 22 ():392-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camino Liquete; Angel Udias; Giulio Conte; Bruna Grizzetti; Fabio Masi. 2016. "Integrated valuation of a nature-based solution for water pollution control. Highlighting hidden benefits." Ecosystem Services 22, no. : 392-401.

Book chapter
Published: 27 August 2016 in Natural and Constructed Wetlands
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Not only due to a lack of infrastructure such as treatment plants, but also because the majority of existing treatment plants are showing poor or very poor operating conditions and fail to meet their performance targets, India faces increasing water shortage and degradation of fresh water resources. The paper gives an overview on the methodology of a safety and O&M (operation and maintenance) planning approach developed and implemented for supporting sustainable long-term operation of wastewater treatment systems. The implementation of the methodology is shown for the pilot installation at Ordnance Factory Ambajhari, Nagpur, India. At this site, two treatment lines have been installed: Line 1 is designed for 100 m3/day and comprises anaerobic pre-treatment, a vertical upflow constructed wetland, followed by a disinfection step, line 2 designed for 8 m3/day is a 2-stage French Reed Bed system. The effluent of the French Reed Bed system is used for irrigation of a Short Rotation Plantation. The safety and O&M planning approach was used to identify critical O&M tasks, develop site-specific trainings of operators as well as a basis to develop the O&M manual and materials for operators (such as check-lists, etc.).

ACS Style

Sandra Nicolics; Diana Hewitt; Girish R. Pophali; Fabio Masi; Dayanand Panse; Pawan K. Labhasetwar; Katie Meinhold; Günter Langergraber. Application of the NaWaTech Safety and O&M Planning Approach Re-Use Oriented Wastewater Treatment Lines at the Ordnance Factory Ambajhari, Nagpur, India. Natural and Constructed Wetlands 2016, 147 -163.

AMA Style

Sandra Nicolics, Diana Hewitt, Girish R. Pophali, Fabio Masi, Dayanand Panse, Pawan K. Labhasetwar, Katie Meinhold, Günter Langergraber. Application of the NaWaTech Safety and O&M Planning Approach Re-Use Oriented Wastewater Treatment Lines at the Ordnance Factory Ambajhari, Nagpur, India. Natural and Constructed Wetlands. 2016; ():147-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sandra Nicolics; Diana Hewitt; Girish R. Pophali; Fabio Masi; Dayanand Panse; Pawan K. Labhasetwar; Katie Meinhold; Günter Langergraber. 2016. "Application of the NaWaTech Safety and O&M Planning Approach Re-Use Oriented Wastewater Treatment Lines at the Ordnance Factory Ambajhari, Nagpur, India." Natural and Constructed Wetlands , no. : 147-163.

Chapter
Published: 27 August 2016 in Natural and Constructed Wetlands
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Evidence on the efficiency of horizontal flow constructed wetlands (HF CWs) in treating dairy wastewater in the Mediterranean region is reported, showing results from the 3 year long monitoring of a HF CW treatment plant situated in southern Italy. The HF CW treats a mixture of different wastewaters produced by a dairy farm (dairy, milking, milk cooling, restaurant, and house). Samples of wastewater quality (pH, COD, and N-NH4+) were collected at the inlet and outlet of HF CWs from February 2012 to May 2015. The effluent COD concentrations from dairy activities alone were also collected during the same period, showing the most relevant contribution of dairy wastewater in terms of organic loads. The start-up phase was influenced by the influent pH being too low, which was fixed by adopting a serum separation. The system showed some stress during a management phase lasting 2 months, requiring then 1 month of recovery period. The overall treatment performance is now very satisfactory, with 94.3 % COD removal efficiency based on average influent and effluent values, while a slight increase in effluent N-NH4+ was registered, probably due to organic matter ammonification.

ACS Style

Fabio Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Carmelo Basile. Dairy Wastewater Treatment by a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Southern Italy. Natural and Constructed Wetlands 2016, 131 -139.

AMA Style

Fabio Masi, Anacleto Rizzo, Riccardo Bresciani, Carmelo Basile. Dairy Wastewater Treatment by a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Southern Italy. Natural and Constructed Wetlands. 2016; ():131-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Masi; Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Carmelo Basile. 2016. "Dairy Wastewater Treatment by a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland in Southern Italy." Natural and Constructed Wetlands , no. : 131-139.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2016 in Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
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This paper describes a pilot installation of a green wall treating greywater from an office building in Pune, Maharashtra State (NaWaTech project). The pilot installation is located at the main entrance of the state agency responsible for water supply and sanitation. The experimental analysis is in two phases. First phase analysed the results from green walls filled only with LECA® (lightweight expanded clay aggregate). Since results from the first phase were not satisfactory, a second phase was developed. In the second phase, LECA plus sand and LECA plus coconut fibres were tested as porous media in order to increase residence times and consequently green wall treatment performance. The expected improvements in treatment efficiency have been confirmed by the wider range of observed removal rates between Phase I (chemical oxygen demand, COD, 16–20%) and Phase II (i.e. COD removal in the order of 14–86% and 7–80% for LECA-coconut and LECA-sand, respectively), denoting higher treatment potentialities for the new configurations. The obtained effluent quality was fulfilling the Indian law specifications for reuse in irrigation for all the analysed samples, while only the last samples collected during Phase II were showing an appropriate quality for reuse by flushing toilets.

ACS Style

F. Masi; R. Bresciani; Anacleto Rizzo; A. Edathoot; N. Patwardhan; D. Panse; Guenter Langergraber. Green walls for greywater treatment and recycling in dense urban areas: a case-study in Pune. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2016, 6, 342 -347.

AMA Style

F. Masi, R. Bresciani, Anacleto Rizzo, A. Edathoot, N. Patwardhan, D. Panse, Guenter Langergraber. Green walls for greywater treatment and recycling in dense urban areas: a case-study in Pune. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 2016; 6 (2):342-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Masi; R. Bresciani; Anacleto Rizzo; A. Edathoot; N. Patwardhan; D. Panse; Guenter Langergraber. 2016. "Green walls for greywater treatment and recycling in dense urban areas: a case-study in Pune." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 2: 342-347.