Dual drug delivery has become the choice of interest nowadays due to its increased therapeutic efficacy in targeting the tumor site precisely. As quoted in recent literature, it has been known to treat several cancers with an acute course of action. Even so, its use is restricted due to the drug’s low pharmacological activity, which leads to poor bioavailability and increases first-pass metabolism. To overcome these issues, a drug delivery system using nanomaterials which would not only encapsulate the drugs of interest but also carry them to the target site of action is needed. Given all these attributes, we have formulated dual drug-loaded nanoliposomes with cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP)), an effective anti-cancer drug, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organosulfur compound derived from garlic. The CDDP and DADS-loaded nanoliposomes (Lipo-CDDP/DADS) exhibited better physical characteristics such as size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, spherical shape, optimal stability, and satisfactory encapsulation percentage. The in vitro anti-cancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines revealed that Lipo-CDDP/DADS showed significant efficacy against the cancer cell lines, depicted through cell nucleus staining. We conclude that Lipo-CDDP/DADS hold exceptional pharmacological properties with better anti-cancer activity and would serve as a promising formulation to treat various cancers.

The study aimed to optimize and develop novel PEGylated co-loaded nanoliposome entrapped with paclitaxel (PTX) and 6-gingerol (Gn) (PEG-Lipo-PTX-Gn) by response surface methodology (RSM) approach to prevent the diffusion and resistant-related issues of PTX in oncotherapy. Physiochemical characterization studies results revealed that the prepared PEG-Lipo-PTX-Gn attained optimum particle size, shape, charge, polydispersity index (PDI) as well as showed synergistic entrapment of PTX and Gn, sustained drug release, better colloidal stability and structural integrity. PEG-Lipo-PTX-Gn exhibited a noteworthy antiproliferative effect, apoptotic percentage and a higher proportion of G2/M cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines. Meanwhile, no significant toxicity was observed in normal cell lines (HEK 293 kidney embryonic cells and L929 fibroblast cells). Another testament to its efficacy is the dramatic decline in Bcl-2 levels in the PEG-Lipo-PTX-Gn-treated group. Hence, optimized PEG-Lipo-PTX-Gn could be a promising novel approach in cancer treatment regimens.