Background: Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is recently becoming a novel cardiokine essential in cardiac angiogenesis. This cardiokine has shown a potential to promote angiogenesis and improve cardiac function, particularly in myocardial injury and ischemia. Despite the increasing relevance, there is no information on the mechanisms of FSTL1 in cardiac angiogenesis. Objective: This systematic review aimed to consolidate recent results on the role of FSTL1 in molecular pathways of cardiac angiogenesis. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. Inclusion criteria were primary studies that investigated the role of FSTL1 in promoting cardiac angiogenesis with in vivo models. The risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE risk of bias tool, and data were synthesized to evaluate the impact of FSTL1 on cardiac angiogenesis. Results: A total of 5 animal studies were included during the analysis. The results showed the role of FSTL1 as a novel cardiokine in inducing cardiac angiogenesis as assessed by protein examination and histologic analysis. In pathological conditions, the effects of ischemia on the heart increased the expression of FSTL1 as a form of protection for the heart through angiogenesis and as a marker of the disease severity. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of FSTL-induced angiogenesis had different signaling pathways, including activation of AMPK, TGFβ-Smad2/3, Akt/mTOR, Erk1/2, and DIP2A-PI3K. Studies showed increased capillary density and improved blood flow in cardiac tissues where FSTL1 was upregulated, suggesting a possible important role in improving cardiac function. Conclusion: FSTL1 showed a promising avenue for therapeutic development. Moreover, future studies should explore its role in cardiac angiogenesis in healthy populations.

Background: The mobilization characteristics of nurses’ work, such as standing, walking, and transferring patients for a long time, can increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Repetitive activities nurses perform can cause foot problems such as discomfort and insecurity, characterized by increased lactic acid levels. Anthropometric shoes are specifically designed to reduce complaints on nurses’ feet. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of individual anthropometric shoes on lactic acid levels in nurses at the hospital. Methods: This study used a mixed-method study design. This study involved 71 nurses in the quantitative study and 15 nurses in the qualitative study. Nurses in Emergency Room, Central Surgical Installation, Inpatient Room, Intensive Care Unit, and Outpatient Installation were randomly selected using a stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used were the Accutrend Lactacyd tool, demographic questionnaire and interview questionnaire. Bivariate data analysis was using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and qualitative data analysis using thematic analysis. Results: This mixed-method study shows that anthropometric shoes can reduce nurses’ lactic acid levels. In the quantitative study; there was a significant difference in lactic acid levels of nurses before and after using anthropometric shoes with the average results of measuring lactic acid levels, namely pre-test (22.48 mg/dL) and post-test (16.27 mg/dL), with a p-value (0.000). The qualitative study data revealed positive results related to increased nurse knowledge, positive views on the effect of shoes on nurse performance, and the impact of using anthropometric shoes in providing comfort and safety, such as decreased muscle fatigue and pain. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the effect of individualized anthropometric shoes on lactic acid levels in nurses in Indonesian hospitals. It is essential to conduct further research and evaluate the results in a broader setting to ensure that anthropometric shoes can directly affect lactic acid levels.

Background: Children are a vulnerable group when experiencing a disaster. This vulnerability occurs because children's knowledge about disasters is very minimal, making children feel unprepared for disasters. The physical, psychological and social impacts caused by disasters are very dangerous for children's future development. Purpose: This study aims to determine interventions that can be done to improve children's knowledge related to disaster preparedness. Methods: The literature search used PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and EBSCOHOST Journal databases. Articles were analyzed based on the criteria of publication year 2017-2022, English and Indonesian language, randomized controlled trial and quasi experimental research designs and research results according to the topic Results: Six articles were obtained that discussed interventions to improve children's knowledge about disaster preparedness. There are several ways found in these articles, including disaster simulations with picture books, educational games, pop-up fairy tales, and animated videos, disaster awareness videos, and smartphone-based counseling. Conclusion: Education related to disaster preparedness for children can be obtained through various media, such as picture books, educational games, pop-up fairy tales, and animated videos, disaster awareness videos, and smartphone-based counseling. This knowledge can make children more prepared in the face of disasters.

Introduction: Angiogenesis is a critical adaptation to regular physical exercise, primarily driven by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1 α ). However, prolonged exercise has been associated with the downregulation of HIF‐1 α , potentially mediated by increased expression of its negative regulators, prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) and factor‐inhibiting HIF‐1 (FIH). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of short‐term (acute) and long‐term (chronic) moderate‐intensity exercise on HIF‐1 α , PHD, and FIH mRNA expression in Wistar rat hearts. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks, body weight: 200–250 g) were divided into four groups: acute control (AC) (15 days) ( n = 5), acute exercise (AE) (15 days) ( n = 5), chronic control (CC) (8 weeks) ( n = 5), and chronic exercise (CE) (8 weeks) ( n = 5). The exercise groups underwent moderate‐intensity treadmill exercise with 20 m/min for 30 min each day for 5 times a week. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed 1 h (acute group) and 24 h (chronic group) after exercise using isoflurane anesthesia, followed by cervical dislocation. Left ventricular heart muscle samples were collected for mRNA expression analysis of HIF‐1 α , PHD, and FIH using real‐time PCR. Results: Exercise significantly altered the expression of HIF‐1 α , PHD, and FIH. HIF‐1 α mRNA was significantly higher in the AE group versus AC (AC vs AE, p = 0.006) and in the CE group versus CC (CC vs CE, p = 0.004). PHD expression likewise increased with exercise (AE vs AC, p = 0.001; CE vs CC, p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, FIH showed no significant differences (acute p = 0.472; chronic p = 0.095). Exploratory one‐way analyses confirmed overall group effects for HIF‐1 α ( p ≤ 0.001) and PHD ( p = 0.016), but not for FIH ( p = 0.105). Conclusion: Chronic moderate‐intensity exercise upregulates the expression of HIF‐1 α negative regulators (PHD and FIH) in the myocardium, suggesting a shift from acute hypoxia‐driven responses to oxygen‐dependent regulation. These findings offer insight into the molecular adaptations of cardiac tissue to prolonged exercise and their potential role in angiogenesis regulation.

Exercise influences gut microbiota composition and intestinal permeability, but the optimal intensity for maintaining gut health remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of different exercise intensities on abundance of some gut microbiota, epithelial barrier integrity and inflammatory markers. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control ( n = 5), low‐intensity (10 m/min, n = 5), moderate‐intensity (20 m/min, n = 5) and high‐intensity (30 m/min, n = 5) exercise groups, exercising five times per week for 8 weeks. The relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli was quantified using qPCR, whilst mRNA levels of zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were assessed as markers of barrier function and inflammation. A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii abundance increased at moderate exercise intensity ( P  < 0.005), but decreased at high intensity ( P = 0.0019), whereas E. coli rose sharply at high intensity ( P  < 0.001). ZO‐1 expression was higher at moderate (β = 0.30, 95% CI 0.195–0.405, P  < 0.001) and high intensity (β = 0.60, 0.495–0.705, P  < 0.001), but not at low intensity (β = 0.10, −0.005–0.205, P  > 0.05). IL‐6 increases similarly (moderate β = 0.50, 0.247–0.753, high β = 1.10, 0.847–1.353, both P  < 0.001). In conclusion, moderate‐intensity exercise enhanced beneficial microbiota and epithelial barrier integrity, whereas high‐intensity exercise promoted E. coli proliferation and IL‐6‐mediated inflammation, underscoring a dose‐dependent, bidirectional regulation of the gut epithelial interface.

Center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention, yet participation remains limited due to access constraints and adherence barriers. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) has evolved from conventional telephone- and logbook-supported programs to technology-assisted telerehabilitation. However, the extent to which specific delivery models translate into clinical and patient-centered benefits remains unclear. To compare HBCR and CBCR delivery models and outcomes, and to evaluate whether variation in HBCR delivery approaches is associated with differences in functional capacity, adherence, quality of life, and cardiovascular risk factors. A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic review of randomized controlled trials compared HBCR with Phase II/III CBCR. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2. Outcomes were synthesized narratively, and random-effects meta-analyses (inverse-variance) were conducted where data were sufficiently comparable for VO₂peak, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and adherence. Fourteen trials (2002–2023), including 1,085 participants (22–242 per study), were included. HBCR delivery clustered into traditional programs (exercise prescription with telephone/logbook follow-up) and technology-assisted models (web/app platforms, wearable monitoring, and/or video-supported supervision). Overall risk of bias was low in six trials, some concerns in seven, and high in one; concerns were most commonly related to randomization, while outcome measurement was consistently low risk. Meta-analysis favored HBCR for VO₂peak at follow-up (MD 0.68 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, 95% CI 0.06–1.29; I²=4%), whereas 6MWD showed no between-setting difference (MD −6.77 m, 95% CI −55.06 to 41.52; I²=61%). Adherence modestly favored HBCR (MD 3.24 sessions, 95% CI −0.10 to 6.58; I²=70%). HRQoL and cardiovascular risk factors were generally comparable. HBCR yields outcomes comparable to CBCR, with small advantages in VO₂peak and adherence, supporting the scalability of HBCR, particularly technology-assisted models, to expand rehabilitation access and uptake.