South Sumatra Province experiences forest and land fires every year. Peatland and human activity have caused this region to be more vulnerable to fire. In this study, we used annual mapping to describe the history of forest and land fires in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District of South Sumatra to analyze fire trends during the 2015-2019 period. Hotspot data were obtained from Terra/Aqua MODIS satellite imagery at all confidence levels. Burned areas were identified using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) Index, with data sources from Landsat 8 satellite imagery obtained from the USGS (United States Geological Survey). The highest number of hotspots were detected in 2015 (33,748), with 72% was located on peatland. Historical analysis of hotspot numbers, shows that the majority of burning occurs in September and October. This indicates that prevention activities must be carried out more intensively before these months. Linear regression between annual hotspot numbers and rainfall was not significant. Hotspots indicative of forest and land fire in OKI District were more influenced by human activities. The largest burned area (993,999 ha) occurred in 2015. The 2015 El Niño event triggered drought and worsened forest and land fires in Indonesia. Although no El- Niño conditions occurred in 2016-2018, fires continued to occur in OKI District, showing their independence from extreme drought. The fires occurring on peatlands burned a large area during 2015-2019 indicating that forest and land fires management must become a top priority in OKI District

Peatland refers to the peat soil and wetland biological environment growing on the surface. However, unexpected fires in peatlands frequently have brought severe greenhouse gas emissions and transboundary haze to Southeast Asia. To alleviate this issue, this paper first establishes an Internet of Things (IoT) system for peatland monitoring and management in the Raja Musa Forest Reserve (RMFR) in Selangor, Malaysia, and proposes a more efficient and low-complexity model for calculating the Duff Moisture Code (DMC) in peatland forests using groundwater level (GWL) and relative humidity. The feasibility of the IoT system is verified by comparing its data with those published by Malaysian Meteorological Department (METMalaysia). The proposed Linear_DMC Model and Linear_Mixed_DMC Model are compared with the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) model, and their performance is evaluated using IoT measurement data and actual values published by METMalaysia. The results show that the correlation between the measured data of the IoT system and the data from METMalaysia within the same duration is larger than 0.84, with a mean square error (MSE) of 2.56, and a correlation of 0.91 can be achieved between calculated DMC using the proposed model and actual values. This finding is of great significance for predicting peatland forest fires in the field and providing the basis for fire prevention and decision making to improve disaster prevention and reduction.

Jambi Province is one of the fire-prone provinces in Indonesia. One of the districts in Jambi Province that experiences forest and land fires in Muaro Jambi. The objective of this study was to analyze hotspots and burned areas in the Muaro Jambi District in 2015 and 2019. The data used in this study were hotspots and spatial information on burned areas from MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite imagery and rainfall data from BMKG. The results showed that the number of hotspots in 2015 was 2731, with 2.558 hotspots located on peatland. In 2019, hotspot numbers increased by 3321 hotspots, with 3225 hotspots located on peatland. The sub-district that has the highest hotspot number is Kumpeh with 5191 hotspots. The lowest rainfall in 2015 and 2019 was in September. The rainfall in September 2015 was 15.2 mm/month and in September 2019 it was 39.3 mm/month.

Riau Province always occurs forest and land fires every year. One of the districts that are often burned is Pelalawant. Pelalawan District has the highest number of hotspots in the 2015-2019 period. This study aims to analyze the distribution of hotspots and burned areas in 2015 and 2019 in Pelalawan District Riau. Data used in this study comes from the MODIS Terra/Aqua satellite imagery. The results showed that the number of hotspots in Pelalawan Regency was 2168 in 2015 and 1503 in 2019. In 2015 the number of hotspots was dominated on non-peat land and in 2019 dominated on peatland. Pangkalan Kuras District had the highest number of hotspots in 2015 and Teluk Meranti District had the highest number of hotspots in 2019. The area burned in 2015 was 50,896,207 ha in Pelalawan Regency and 8,078,358 ha in 2019. Keywords: burned area, forest and land fire, hotspot, Pelalawan District

Nutrient resorption (NR) is a critical ecological process in forest ecosystems. However, there is a lack of knowledge about this process in the peatlands of Indonesia, and this may be seen as a research gap. In the present study, NR in young trees of three native species (Macaranga pruinosa, Cratoxylum arborescens, and Macaranga gigantea) and one exotic species (Acacia crassicarpa) in a drained tropical peatland was investigated. This study was conducted at an experimental plot in Pelalawan-Riau, Indonesia. Nutrient resorption efficiency (RE) and proficiency (RP) were calculated and correlated with soil properties, foliar nutrients, and growth variables. Our results revealed that M. pruinosa exhibited an RE value for phosphorus (PRE) that was 64% higher than that for the second-ranked native species but still significantly (84%) lower than that for A. crassicarpa. RE values for nitrogen (NRE) and potassium (KRE) did not differ significantly among species, ranging from 39 to 42% and 41 to 56%, respectively, for native species, with figures of 45% and 66%, respectively, for A. crassicarpa. Finally, PRE exhibited strong and significant correlations with PRP and tree growth, a finding that indicated that the uptake and conservation of P nutrients are essential for the fitness of the three native species. Overall, the results of the present study may be seen as beneficial for species selection and the management of nutrients by those engaged in restoration of tropical peatland forests.