The evolving challenge of persistent symptoms post-Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly debilitating cardio-pulmonary manifestations, necessitates further exploration. Our study aimed to assess the cardio-pulmonary complications in patients a year after hospital discharge from severe COVID-19, contrasting these with findings from a non-COVID group. The OneCoV2 study, a prospective, case-control study, was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India. We enrolled 43 subjects, with a mean age of 25.57 ± 7.94 years (COVID group) and 27.30 ± 8.17 years (non-COVID group). Comprehensive tests included pulmonary function tests, cardiac function tests, 6-min walk tests, and laboratory investigations. Significant differences were found in the pulmonary function [forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = 0.037), forced expiratory flow (FEF) 25-75 % (p = 0.013)], and cardiac function [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.032), heart rate (HR) (p = 0.047)], along with the six-minute walk test results between the two groups. In the COVID group, Pearson's correlation showed a negative correlation between FVC and C-reactive protein (CRP) [r = -0.488, p = 0.007] and a positive correlation between the six-minute walk test [r = 0.431, p = 0.003] and HR [r = 0.503, p = 0.013]. Our data suggest that pulmonary abnormalities are prevalent in COVID patients even after 1-year of hospital discharge. Cardiac biomarkers also show an inclination towards the COVID group. While we found significant correlations involving some parameters like FVC, CRP, HR, and results from the six-minute walk test, we did not find any significant correlations with the other tested parameters in our study.

Background: Vitamin D, essential hormone for endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. A billion people are deficient globally which contributing to numerous health issues. This study explores the link between vitamin D levels and sleep quality, impacting mental and physical health in adults.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Nims Hospital, Jaipur, involving 484 adults’ participants. Blood samples were collected for serum 25(OH) D measurements. Data were gathered using the SF-36 and ISI questionnaires to assess health and sleep quality.Results: Higher vitamin D levels were strongly linked to better physical health, including physical function (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), general health (r = 0.560, p < 0.001), and PCS score (r = 0.441, p < 0.001). Vitamin D also positively impacted social functioning (r = 0.096, p = 0.035) and was negatively related to ISI scores (r = −0.112, p = 0.014).Conclusion: The study highlights a strong link between higher vitamin D levels and improved physical and mental health, with significant negative correlation to ISI scores. This underscores the importance of adequate vitamin D for overall well-being. The findings call for urgent measures to address vitamin D deficiency and further research into its health impacts.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) trends, patient demographics, disease types and hospitalisation duration within the Respiratory Medicine Department over three distinct phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. Design Retrospective analysis using electronic medical records of patients with TB admitted between June 2018 and June 2023 was done to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with TB. The study employed a meticulous segmentation into pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras. Setting National Institute of Medical Science Hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome includes patients admitted to the Respiratory Medicine Department of the hospital and secondary outcome involves the duration of hospital stay. Results The study encompassed 1845 subjects across the three eras, revealing a reduction in TB incidence during the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (p<0.01). Substantial demographic shifts were observed, with 5.2% decline in TB incidence among males in the post-COVID-19 era (n=529) compared with the pre-COVID-19 era (n=606). Despite the decrease, overall TB incidence remained significantly higher in males (n=1460) than females (n=385), with consistently elevated rates in rural (65.8%) as compared with the urban areas (34.2%). Extended hospital stays were noted in the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era (p<0.01). Conclusion The study underscores the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the TB landscape and hospitalisation dynamics. Notably, patient burden of TB declined during the COVID-19 era, with a decline in the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 era. Prolonged hospitalisation in the post-COVID-19 period indicates the need for adaptive healthcare strategies and the formulation of public health policies in a post-pandemic context. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the evolving TB scenario, emphasising the necessity for tailored healthcare approaches in the aftermath of a global health crisis.

Background: Frailty is a critical concern for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, contributing to increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and diminished quality of life. However, there is limited research on frailty’s impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among dialysis and pre-dialysis patients in the Indian context. Methods: This study involved participants aged 18 and above with CKD stages 3–5. Frailty was assessed using the Morley FRAIL questionnaire, and HRQOL was measured using the RAND version of the KDQOL-36 Survey. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 29, focusing on the association between frailty and HRQOL domains. Results: Among the 147 CKD patients, 56.46% were frail, and 43.56% were non-frail. Significant differences were noted between frail and non-frail groups in age (p = 0.036), CKD stages (p < 0.001), nutritional status (p < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), GFR (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.006), and serum albumin (p = 0.002). Frailty is significantly associated with lower physical (p < 0.001) and mental (p < 0.001) quality of life. Negative associations between frailty and KDQOL-36 domains, especially symptom problems, PCS, and MCS, were established. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of frailty screening in CKD patients. Early identification may help guide targeted strategies to support HRQOL. However, longitudinal studies are needed to assess frailty progression and the impact of potential interventions.

Grave’s disease affects numerous patients globally, but its impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in relation to geographical disparities remains under-explored. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the influence of urban versus rural residence on HR-QoL among patients diagnosed with Graves’ Disease in Rajasthan, India. One hundred seven Graves’ disease patients from rural and urban endocrine centers were analyzed. The rural group included 52 patients (24 males, 28 females), averaging 38.9 ± 10.9 years of age, while the urban group had 55 (13 males, 42 females) with an average age of 39.1 ± 14.2 years. We found differences between rural and urban patients in terms of gender ratio, BMI, smoking habits, and obesity. Multivariable linear regression was used in both groups to determine the association between the baseline characteristics of Graves’ patients from both areas and HR-QOL. Health-related quality of life, assessed via the SF-36 questionnaire, indicated higher general health and role emotional scores among urban patients. Our study found that the duration of Graves’ disease in rural centers negatively impacted physical health scores. In urban patients, age and BMI influenced physical health, while gender and disease duration affected mental health scores in rural patients. Age impacted mental health in urban patients. Rural patients had a poorer quality of life compared to urban patients. Differences in gender distribution, BMI, smoking habits, and obesity rates revealed disparities in Graves’ disease between rural and urban patients in India, highlighting the need for better healthcare infrastructure and awareness in rural areas.

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), recently redefined from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, commonly coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus and may adversely affect skeletal health through inflammation and insulin resistance. However, research on site-specific bone mineral density (BMD) effects in South Asian populations, particularly Indians, remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MASLD and BMD at different skeletal sites among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 adults (50 with T2DM and 50 controls) at a tertiary care center in Jaipur, India. MASLD was evaluated using the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, hepato-renal index, and two-dimensional shear wave elastography. BMD at lumbar spine (L1-L4), left total hip (proximal femur), and left forearm was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Associations between MASLD parameters and BMD were analyzed using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status. Results: T2DM patients showed significantly lower lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD (0.93 vs. 0.98 g/cm ² ; P = 0.026) and T-scores (-1.33 vs. -0.72; P = 0.004), especially in males ≥50 years. No statistically significant differences were observed in proximal femur and forearm BMD between groups. FIB-4 scores were higher (P = 0.004), with 60% at intermediate-to-high fibrosis risk versus 28% of controls; advanced fibrosis occurred in 10% vs. 2%. Hepatic steatosis positively associated with hip BMD (β=0.738; P = 0.022). Conclusion: This study establishes significant, site-specific associations between MASLD and reduced bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, particularly affecting trabecular-rich skeletal sites. The complex relationship between hepatic steatosis and skeletal health highlights the multisystemic nature of metabolic dysfunction. These findings support integrating bone health assessments and non-invasive hepatic fibrosis screening into routine diabetes care to improve early risk stratification.