Background: Vitamin D, essential hormone for endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. A billion people are deficient globally which contributing to numerous health issues. This study explores the link between vitamin D levels and sleep quality, impacting mental and physical health in adults.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Nims Hospital, Jaipur, involving 484 adults’ participants. Blood samples were collected for serum 25(OH) D measurements. Data were gathered using the SF-36 and ISI questionnaires to assess health and sleep quality.Results: Higher vitamin D levels were strongly linked to better physical health, including physical function (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), general health (r = 0.560, p < 0.001), and PCS score (r = 0.441, p < 0.001). Vitamin D also positively impacted social functioning (r = 0.096, p = 0.035) and was negatively related to ISI scores (r = −0.112, p = 0.014).Conclusion: The study highlights a strong link between higher vitamin D levels and improved physical and mental health, with significant negative correlation to ISI scores. This underscores the importance of adequate vitamin D for overall well-being. The findings call for urgent measures to address vitamin D deficiency and further research into its health impacts.

Liver cirrhosis (LC) significantly impairs health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) due to physical, psychological, and nutritional challenges. Despite its growing burden in India, limited evidence exists on how disease severity, alcohol dependence, and malnutrition influence HR-QoL in Indian LC patients. This cross-sectional study included 565 LC patients attending a tertiary care hospital over 30 months. HR-QoL was assessed using SF-36. Disease severity was graded using the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, while nutritional status and alcohol dependence were evaluated using the RFH-NPT and AUDIT tools. Associations were analysed using Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA, and logistic regression. The mean age of participants was 42.5 ± 14.9 years; 81.9% were male, and 58.6% resided in rural areas. Malnutrition was present in 80.9% of patients, and 50.6% were alcohol-dependent. Patients with severe liver cirrhosis (CTP Class C) had significantly lower HR-QoL scores across all domains (p < 0.001). Malnutrition was associated with higher odds of severe liver cirrhosis (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.27–1.85), and lower physical function scores were also significantly associated with disease severity (OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.89–0.95). Severe cirrhosis was additionally marked by elevated serum bilirubin and INR levels, and reduced albumin concentrations. HR-QoL declines substantially with worsening cirrhosis, especially in malnourished and alcohol-dependent patients. These findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary interventions focusing on nutrition, lifestyle modification, and psychological support to improve outcomes in LC patients.

Background: Frailty is a critical concern for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, contributing to increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and diminished quality of life. However, there is limited research on frailty’s impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among dialysis and pre-dialysis patients in the Indian context. Methods: This study involved participants aged 18 and above with CKD stages 3–5. Frailty was assessed using the Morley FRAIL questionnaire, and HRQOL was measured using the RAND version of the KDQOL-36 Survey. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 29, focusing on the association between frailty and HRQOL domains. Results: Among the 147 CKD patients, 56.46% were frail, and 43.56% were non-frail. Significant differences were noted between frail and non-frail groups in age (p = 0.036), CKD stages (p < 0.001), nutritional status (p < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), GFR (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.006), and serum albumin (p = 0.002). Frailty is significantly associated with lower physical (p < 0.001) and mental (p < 0.001) quality of life. Negative associations between frailty and KDQOL-36 domains, especially symptom problems, PCS, and MCS, were established. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of frailty screening in CKD patients. Early identification may help guide targeted strategies to support HRQOL. However, longitudinal studies are needed to assess frailty progression and the impact of potential interventions.

Lung cancer typically affects older adults, with occurrences in children being extremely rare. In adolescents, metastatic lung disease is more common than primary lung cancers. The pathological spectrum of lung cancer in children varies, with small-cell carcinoma being a rare type, accounting for around 4.5% of cases. An 8-year-old boy, previously healthy, presented with moderate-intensity, short-duration chest pain on the left side. Histomorphology, immunohistochemistry characteristics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of extensive-stage small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The patient responded positively to six cycles of chemotherapy with etoposide and carboplatin, resulting in the resolution of symptoms. This case underscores the rare instance of SCLC in the pediatric population, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges due to nonspecific symptoms and the necessity for aggressive treatment. It highlights the importance of adapting adult SCLC treatment protocols for pediatric patients to enhance prognosis, given the limited specific guidelines available.

Dual ectopic secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) by a single neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is extremely rare. We report a 43-year-old woman presenting with acral enlargement, weight gain, hyperpigmentation, and proximal muscle weakness. Laboratory evaluation revealed elevated cortisol, ACTH, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), consistent with concurrent Cushing syndrome and acromegaly. Imaging demonstrated a left hilar mass, and biopsy confirmed a pulmonary NET with immunohistochemical (IHC) positivity for synaptophysin and chromogranin. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse hyperplasia, suggesting trophic stimulation rather than a primary pituitary adenoma. Surgical resection resulted in normalization of hormone levels, marked clinical improvement, and regression of pituitary enlargement. Although direct histologic confirmation of tumor-derived GHRH was unavailable, the reversible pituitary hyperplasia favors ectopic GHRH-mediated stimulation rather than primary ectopic GH secretion. IHC of the resected tumor demonstrated ACTH positivity, supporting ectopic ACTH secretion. This case highlights the importance of recognizing dual hormone–secreting NETs in patients presenting with overlapping endocrine syndromes, as early detection and complete resection can lead to remission.