Background: Since the onset of COVID-19, public health policies and public opinions changed from stringent preventive measures against spread of COVID-19 to policies accommodating life with continued, diminished risk for contracting COVID-19. Poland is a country that demonstrated severe psychological impact and negative mental health. The study aims to examine psychological impact and changes in levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among three cross-sectional samples of Polish people and COVID-19-related factors associated with adverse mental health. Methods: In total, 2324 Polish persons participated in repeated cross-sectional studies across three surveys: Survey 1 (22 to 26 March 2020), Survey 2 (21 October to 3 December 2020), and Survey 3 (3 November to 10 December 2021). Participants completed an online survey, including Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), demographics, knowledge, and concerns of COVID-19 and precautionary measures. Results: A significant reduction of IES-R scores was seen across surveys, while DASS-21 scores were significantly higher in Survey 2. There was significant reduction in the frequency of following COVID-19 news, recent COVID-19 testing, and home isolation from Survey 1 to 3. Being emale was significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores in Surveys 1 and 2. Student status was significantly associated with higher DASS-21 across surveys. Chills, myalgia, and fatigue were significantly associated with high IES-R or DASS-21 scores across surveys. Frequency of wearing masks and perception that mask could reduce risk of COVID-19 were significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores. Conclusion: Conclusions: The aforementioned findings indicate a reduction in the level of the measured subjective distress andin the frequency of checking COVID-19 news-related information across three periods during the pandemic in Poland.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore whether remote and on-site work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic was experienced with different severity. The second goal was to investigate stress conditions at both working modes. Material and Methods: The study involved 946...

Ethical organizational climate is a pivotal topic in business ethics, influencing employees’ well-being and attitude toward the organization. In Poland, there is a lack of measures dedicated to verifying organizational climate. Our research aimed to examine the psychometrical properties of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire (ECQ) in Polish business conditions. Studies conducted on two samples confirmed the original structure of the Polish version of the ECQ and its better psychometric properties compared to the original version. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed good construct validity and internal consistency of the ECQ, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the range of 0.74–0.81, depending on the type of ethical climate. Bagozzi and Heatherton’s criteria of the magnitude of factor loadings, average variance extracted, and composite reliability showed good convergent validity of the tool. The value of the heterotrait–monotrait ratio of correlations indicated good discriminant validity of the ECQ. Also, the criterion validity of this measure was confirmed. In conclusion, the Polish version of the ECQ is a measure that can be used to study the ethical climate in Polish organizations.

A The aim of this article is to present the results of studies investigating the relationship between trust in supervisor and in co-workers and trust in the organization as an institution on the one hand, and employee well-being on the other hand. The presented research project was carried out from the perspective of building a positive organization with employee well-being as one of the major goals. The research covered 1,113 individuals, employed with various organizations across Poland. The sample consisted of 48% women and 52% men. Trust was measured using the Trust in Supervisor Scale, Affect- and Cognition-Based Trust, concerning trust in co-workers, and the original Trust in the Workplace Questionnaire. The Eudemonic Well-Being in the Workplace Questionnaire was used to measure well-being. Canonical correlation analysis was used to assess simultaneous associations between sets of measured variables. The results prove that trust, including trust in co-workers, in supervisor and in the organization as an institution, promotes employee well-being in all its dimensions.