This study aimed to investigate the phenolic and antioxidant properties of Egyptian Sonchus oleraceus leaves extract (SOE) while comparing the antihyperglycemic efficacy of SOE with that of conventional medicines (glibenclamide) in vivo as a substitution for insulin-deficient patients. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in SOE contributed around 127.66 ± 0.56 mg GAE/gm as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 74.80 ± 0.55 mg QE/gm as quercetin equivalent (QE). SOE also showed significant DPPH scavenging activity at 43.46%. The presence of five phenolic and six flavonoid compounds in SOE was discovered by HPLC analysis. For the in vivo assay, 42 rats were distributed into six groups (7 Wister albino rats each). The standard control group was fed a basal diet. While the 35 rats were induced with a single dose of 100 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (b.w.) alloxan, then treated orally with glibenclamide (GLI) at 10 mg kg⁻¹, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg⁻¹ SOE (positive control group) for 56 days of routine gastric oral gavages and compared to the effects of GLI, the treatment of SOE 200 and 300 mg kg⁻¹ in diabetic rats for two months dramatically decreased blood glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) while boosting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels and improving liver and kidney functions. The histological assay revealed that the SOE 300 mg kg⁻¹ treatment significantly improved the pancreas tissues, implying the potential application of Egyptian SOE as a diabetes treatment.

Crohn’s Disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease, in which there is the inflammation extension in the whole thickness of the intestinal wall. The CD occurrence is rising globally among the youth [6], Endoscopy has a key function in evaluating mucosal lesions. But it is expensive and has complications. So far, there are no optimal biomarkers available to detect and monitor CD. The aim of this study is to explore the role of Lipocalin 2 and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Gene Expression as indicators for the CD diagnosis. A total of 81 Egyptian subjects were enrolled in the study. The levels of Lipocalin 2 and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Gene Expression were assessed in mucosa samples from 27 healthy controls (group I), 27 CD patients (group IIA), and 27 CD patients with complications (group IIb) by quantitative real time –PCR (qRT-PCR). Significant increase of Lipocalin 2 and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Gene Expression values in group IIA and group IIB than group I. Both miR 16 and miR 106a showed a positive correlation with ESR and CRP. ROC curves of lipocalin 2 for CD detection had a sensitivity of 92.6% and a specificity of 88.9%. ROC curves of miR nitric oxide synthase 2 diagnosis CD demonstrated 96.3% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity. Levels of lipocalin 2 and nitric oxide 2 may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicators for this CD.

Context Receiving a personalized forecast for lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is crucial. This study aimed to develop predictive models for postoperative prognosis prediction in LSCC patients. Methods Two medical institutes provided 136 postoperative LSCC patients diagnosed between April 2015 and July 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to training and validation groups at a 7:3 ratio. Based on the results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, two nomograms were made to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in LSCC patients who had surgery. Results According to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, a lower pathological grade, being older than 70 years, having a higher T-stage, positive lymph node metastasis (LNM), perineural invasion (PNI), vascular invasion (VI), and positive surgical margin were all independent predictors of a lower OS. The independent predictors of worse PFS included higher pathological grade, age ≥ 70 years, higher T-stage, LNM, PNI, and positive surgical margins. Two nomograms were created based on the data above to forecast the 3- and 5-year OS and PFS rates in patients with LSCC. In the training group, the C-indices for the OS and PFS nomograms were 0.865 and 0.801, respectively, whereas those in the validation group were 0.915 and 0.815, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated a reasonable degree of agreement between the observed survival rates and the predictions. Conclusions Curve analysis revealed superior performance of the nomogram compared to other related predictors. Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistical distinctions between the high-, medium-, and low-risk groups. In summary, With a good clinically personalized applicability value, this retrospective study developed and validated two nomograms for predicting OS and PFS in patients with postoperative LSCC.