This study aimed to investigate the phenolic and antioxidant properties of Egyptian Sonchus oleraceus leaves extract (SOE) while comparing the antihyperglycemic efficacy of SOE with that of conventional medicines (glibenclamide) in vivo as a substitution for insulin-deficient patients. Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) in SOE contributed around 127.66 ± 0.56 mg GAE/gm as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 74.80 ± 0.55 mg QE/gm as quercetin equivalent (QE). SOE also showed significant DPPH scavenging activity at 43.46%. The presence of five phenolic and six flavonoid compounds in SOE was discovered by HPLC analysis. For the in vivo assay, 42 rats were distributed into six groups (7 Wister albino rats each). The standard control group was fed a basal diet. While the 35 rats were induced with a single dose of 100 mg kg⁻¹ body weight (b.w.) alloxan, then treated orally with glibenclamide (GLI) at 10 mg kg⁻¹, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg⁻¹ SOE (positive control group) for 56 days of routine gastric oral gavages and compared to the effects of GLI, the treatment of SOE 200 and 300 mg kg⁻¹ in diabetic rats for two months dramatically decreased blood glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) while boosting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels and improving liver and kidney functions. The histological assay revealed that the SOE 300 mg kg⁻¹ treatment significantly improved the pancreas tissues, implying the potential application of Egyptian SOE as a diabetes treatment.

The purpose of this research was to assess and utilize the bioactive compounds of garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) as a natural antioxidant in sunflower oil (SFO) stored at 65 ± 1 °C for 24 days. The garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) from the Balady cultivar were prepared, characterized, and added to SFO at three concentrations: 200, 600, and 1000 ppm (w/v), and they were compared with 600 ppm garlic lyophilized powder extract (Ga-LPE), 200 ppm BHT, 200 ppm α-tocopherol, and SFO without Ga-NPs (control). The QTRAP LC/MS/MS profile of Ga-NPs revealed the presence of four organosulfur compounds. Ga-NPs exhibited the highest capacity for phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds. In Ga-NP SFO samples, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, totox, conjugated dienes, and conjugated trienes were significantly lower than the control. The antioxidant indices of SFO samples containing Ga-NPs were higher than the control. The Ga-NPs enhanced the sensory acceptability of SFO treatments up to day 24 of storage. The shelf life of SFO treated with Ga-NPs was substantially increased (presuming a Q₁₀ amount). The results show that Ga-NPs are a powerful antioxidant that improves SFO stability and extends the shelf life (~384 days at 25 °C).

Bitter gourd has picked up noteworthy consideration for its pharmacological benefits. However, the impact of amino acids (AAs) dosage on growth, yield, and antioxidants is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar spraying bitter gourd with 100, 200, and 300 mg/L dosages of tryptophan (Trp), glutamine (Gln), and phenylalanine (Phe). The results revealed that Trp, at a dosage of 300 mg/L, produced the most substantial increase in plant length, followed by 300 mg/L Phe. Additionally, the highest values of the fresh dry weight of the plants, fresh weight of the first fruit, fruit number per plant, fresh weight of the fruits per plant, and total fruit output per hectare were seen at 300 mg/L of Trp, followed by 300 mg/L of Gln. Phe at 300 mg/L yielded the highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids, coupled with strong scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. These outcomes show the potential of Trp and Gln foliar sprays to enhance bitter gourd growth, yield, and certain antioxidant compounds. These findings carry substantial implications for the enhancement of bitter gourd cultivation and quality. By revealing AA’s potential for improving bitter gourd, our research contributes to bolstering the agricultural sustainability of this remarkable crop.

Annona muricata (soursop) is an evergreen tropical which has become an important crop because of its tasty flavor, high pulp content, and nutritional value and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals as well as antioxidants present in the plant. The ethanolic leaf extract contains a high phenol content and flavonoide 508.27 mg/GAE(Gallic acid equivalence) extract and 35.99 mg/QE (quercetin equivalents) extract respectively. Ethanolic extract of annona muricata leaves was tested for antioxidant capacity with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethlbenzthiazoline-3-sulfonic acid)) method. The result showed that antioxidant capacity of annona leaves were 85.9 % and 79.29, respectively. Oral ethanolic extracts of adminstration of Annona at different levels (200 and 300 mg/kg) to albino rats showed significant decrease in liver ,and kidney functionse, levels of total lipids, triglycerids, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol comparing with positive control.

TTrigonella foenum is using for therapeutic purposes in different cultures, which has an antidiabetic effect by reducing blood sugar concentrations. This work is aimed to determine the properties of antioxidant and poly phenol content of ethanolic fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract (FSE). Additionally, glibenclamide, a common medication, was contrasted with the antihyperglycemic Wister albino rats. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents in FSE (mg g−1) accounted for 126.50 as QE and 325.07 as GAE; respectively whereas DPPH and ABTS (83.11 and 72%) were used to measure antioxidant activity. Six phenolic and five-flavonoid component were found in the FSE after examined using HPLC. Thirty rats were split up into five groups for the in vivo experiment. Group 1 was the normal control, whereas diabetic rats (caused by a single 100 mg kg-1 b.w. alloxan dose) were found in Group 2. Group three contained diabetic rats that received an oral dose of 10 mg kg-1 of glibenclamide. Group four contained diabetic rats orally administrated with 100 mg kg−1 FSE daily. Group 5 received an oral dose of with 200 mg kg−1 FSE. The study had 56 days. Administration of both dosages (100 and 200 mg kg-1) with FSE diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose, total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL levels in diabetic rats, as well as increasing levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and enhancing kidney and liver functions.