The concept of landscape has opened up a vast field of contemporary multidisciplinary research. Character identification, typology, digital presentation, protection and evaluation from the aspect of tourist suitability are some of the main topics. Unfortunately, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is a very small number of complex studies that try to study landscapes in the function of tourism development. The main purpose of the research is the identification of landscape characters, the creation of their typology, and the assessment of their suitability for the development of sustainable tourism in the area of the Vrbanja river basin. The methodological procedure consisted of three steps. The first was a desk study, which included a review of data from the available literature and maps of hydrological, geological, pedological, geomorphological, and climate studies of this area. In this way, the geographical basis of the research was created in the form of four thematic maps (relief, hydrographic, pedological, and forest complex maps) using the ArcGIS 10.8 software. The second step was the spatial identification of landscape types in the area of the studied basin. This was done in ArcGIS 10.8 by overlaying and combining the obtained thematic maps of the basin. The result was a map with four general types and 14 subtypes within the Vrbanja basin. The third and final step was the evaluation and assessment of the suitability of each type of landscape for tourism activities. The assessment was made by scoring factors of anthropogenic influence, natural characteristics, and visual impression on a Likert scale of 1–4. The final results of the research show that the high mountain areas with forest and semi-rural type and the hilly areas with forest and rural landscape type have the greatest overall suitability for the development of tourism.

This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of sustainable conservation in the Drina Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (TBR Drina). Two countries in 2004 launched activities on the designation of TBR Drina, which would make a unique territorial system of Tara National Park (NP Tara) in the Republic of Serbia and Drina National Park (NP Drina) in the Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through the analysis of institutional and legal jurisdiction, the authors presented the management system of protected areas in both countries, with detailed insight into the specific mechanisms of government functioning and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its complex state apparatus represents the biggest limiting factor for the formation of TBR Drina. Through qualitative research, the researched area’s natural, cultural-historical, and socio-economic potentials were identified and recommendations were made for their optimal valorization and utilization. Research has shown that the natural, cultural-historical conditions of TBR Drina represent the potential for development, in contrast to the socio-economic conditions that make up its limiting factor. By planning through the cooperation between the border regions of both countries through support at the state level, TBR Drina can be recovered gradually, with the relative coexistence of ecological, social, and economic components of space, in the forthcoming period.

Geographical education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' understanding of the importance of addressing climate change and environmental issues. Nonetheless, the impact of ecological anxiety (eco-anxiety) on geography teachers, and its effect on their performance, remains insufficiently explored. This study examines the nature of eco-anxiety among geography teachers in the Banja Luka region of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The research utilizes the HEAS-13 scale, which has been adapted into Serbian for the first time. This scale encompasses affective, rumination, behavioral impairment, and personal impact as the fundamental dimensions of ecological anxiety, comprising a total of 13 questions. The collected data were analyzed using the JASP software. Given the relatively small sample size (N = 40) and the observed non-normal distribution of data (Z-test), as well as their ordinal nature (Likert scale), correlations were determined using Spearman's rho factor. The primary hypothesis of the study suggests that geography teachers will exhibit a higher degree of rumination compared to other measured dimensions. The findings confirm the hypothesis, as rumination is the most prominent symptom of eco-anxiety (M = 0.925). The eco-anxiety of teachers in the Banja Luka appears to align with established trends based on gender, age, and type of school. The most notable correlation is observed between the dimensions of rumination and concern for personal impact on climate change (rho = 0.635). The expression of negative symptoms of rumination implies that teachers employ maladaptive coping strategies when addressing the adverse effects of climate change.

The special nature reserve of the canyon of the "Cvrcka" river represents a significant river area on the northeastern slopes of the Čemernica mountain. It is located in the northwestern part of the Republic of Srpska, i.e., in the northern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This river system, with numerous waterfalls, cascades, and steep cliff s, was formed by the erosive action of the Vrbanja and Cvrcka rivers. The bed of the Vrbanja river and its left tributary Cvrcka constitute the primary hydrographic resource of this special nature reserve. In the Cvrcka valley, specific plant and animal species (eagles and birds) inhabit, forming a unique biodiversity in this area. The Cvrcka river valley is attractive to visitors, with picturesque natural landscapes and authentic traditional objects. The study aims to determine whether the special nature reserve of the Cvrcka canyon represents an important resource for the development of sustainable tourism in the Republic of Srpska. The research methodology is based on structured interviews designed to measure elements of tourist attractiveness and mobility concerning the Cvrcka canyon. The obtained results from the conducted questionnaire will be used for analyzing the impact of tourism development factors and their interrelationships, which align with the Tourism Development Strategy of the Republic of Srpska. The obtained research results confirm the initial hypothesis about the importance of the Cvrcka canyon for the development of ecotourism at the level of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper also highlights the discrepancy between the significance of this area and the current state of its valorization and promotion. Finally, measures for the protection and valorization of the landscape values of the valley and the sources of the Cvrcka river are proposed. In this regard, better cooperation with relevant institutions is recommended, which will significantly contribute to the improvement of sustainable tourism and the development of the local area.

Although floods are among the most prevalent natural disasters, research on the characteristics of eco-anxiety symptoms among communities living in flood-prone areas remains scarce. This study aims to address this gap by pursuing two main objectives: to examine how populations in flood-affected regions experience and cope with eco-anxiety and to explore how regional heterogeneity among the studied flood zones influences the manifestation of these symptoms. The main goal of the research was to create a base for contextspecific adaptation strategies for flood-affected communities. Research was conducted in four municipalities within the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) that were highly exposed to flood risk and were most severely affected during the catastrophic 2014 floods: BanjaLuka, Bijeljina, Doboj, and Prijedor. Data were collected using the Serbian-adapted version of Hogg's HEAS-13 scale. Respondents from flood-prone areas participated in a structured survey, and data were analysed using JASP software. The findings reveal significant regional differences in eco-anxiety symptoms. Notably, the Doboj area stands out due to an atypically high presence of behavioural symptoms, Similar results were observed in the Prijedor region. In contrast, Banja Luka predominantly showed symptoms of rumination, while symptoms reported in the Bijeljina area appear more balanced.