This study employs theoretical simulations to identify ways to improve the efficiency of CsSnI ₃ -based perovskite solar cells with PCBM ETL. The optimized device with CFTS HTL with a structure of ITO/PCBM/CsSnI ₃ /CFTS/Se shows the highest PCE of 24.73%.

Here we have done SCAPS simulation for optimizing the performance of CsPbBr ₃ -based PSC. We first optimized the BMC with HTL connected mode and then optimized the CsPbBr ₃ , TiO ₂ , & CFTS layers' various parameters in both with-HTL and without-HTL modes.

Strontium antimony iodide (Sr₃SbI₃) is one of the emerging absorbers materials owing to its intriguing structural, electronic, and optical properties for efficient and cost-effective solar cell applications.

This present work emphasizes the numerical modeling of lead-free methylammonium tin tri-iodide (MASnI₃)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) under optimizing preconditions. The prior selection of the perovskite material of MASnI₃ is feasible for a more extended absorption spectrum due to a smaller bandgap of 1.3 eV than higher bandgap methylammonium lead tri-iodide (MAPbI₃)-based PSC and the factor of lesser toxicity. Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of the device, selecting potentially steadier and superior carrier transport materials (CTMs) is among the most effective approaches for optimizing device outputs. Among the proposed materials, a prior selection of copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as CTMs with an optimized thickness of MASnI₃ material has offered a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.16% under the photoillumination AM1.5. Furthermore, the less-defective PSC device can also be helpful for further device optimization and futuristic development.