Myocardium Infarction (MI) is one of the foremost cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) causing death worldwide, and its case numbers are expected to continuously increase in the coming years. Pharmacological interventions have not been at the forefront in ameliorating MI-related morbidity and mortality. Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches have been extensively explored for their regenerative potential in the infarcted myocardium. Recent studies on microfluidic devices employing stem cells under laboratory set-up have revealed meticulous events pertaining to the pathophysiology of MI occurring at the infarcted site. This discovery also underpins the appropriate conditions in the niche for differentiating stem cells into mature cardiomyocyte-like cells and leads to engineering of the scaffold via mimicking of native cardiac physiological conditions. However, the mode of stem cell-loaded engineered scaffolds delivered to the site of infarction is still a challenging mission, and yet to be translated to the clinical setting. In this review, we have elucidated the various strategies developed using a hydrogel-based system both as encapsulated stem cells and as biocompatible patches loaded with cells and applied at the site of infarction.

It is an age of nanomaterials. Nanotechnology has revolutionized the scientific world. Every sphere of technology has benefited significantly by using nanomaterials. A number of physical and chemical methods are being used for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In recent years, much emphasis is placed on green synthesis, particularly by using plant extracts or microorganisms. This is useful for promoting environmental sustainability. Microwave heating and ultrasound techniques are also being used for the synthesis of different types of nanomaterials. Green synthesis is a more advanced method of synthesizing nanomaterials over other methods because of its simplicity, lower cost, and relatively higher reproducibility. Plants produce more stable nanoparticles compared to other means, and it is straightforward to scale up. The risk of contamination is also lower. In this article, different methods of green synthesis of nanomaterials and applications have been reviewed and discussed.

We have successfully synthesized highly conducting polymer electrolyte incorporated ionic liquid films. There was a rise in conductivity by ionic liquid doping which is clarified by impedance spectroscopy. Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy confirms complexation as well as composite nature. Polarized optical microscopy shows decrease in crysatllinity (more amorphous) by ionic liquid doping. Maximum conducting ionic liquid incorporated polymer electrolyte sandwitched between electrodes, used for fabricating electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) and dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) further affirm that these ionic liquid doped polymer electrolyte could be a novel alternative in electrochemical devices.