Robot-assisted surgery systems are a recent breakthrough in minimally invasive surgeries, offering numerous benefits to both patients and surgeons including, but not limited to, greater visualization of the operation site, greater precision during operation and shorter hospitalization times. Training on robot-assisted surgery (RAS) systems begins with the use of high-fidelity simulators. Hence, the increasing demand of employing RAS systems has led to a rise in using RAS simulators to train medical doctors. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain activity changes elicited during the skill acquisition of resident surgeons by measuring hemodynamic changes from the prefrontal cortex area via a neuroimaging sensor, namely, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-four participants, who are resident medical doctors affiliated with different surgery departments, underwent an RAS simulator training during this study and completed the sponge suturing tasks at three different difficulty levels in two consecutive sessions/blocks. The results reveal that cortical oxygenation changes in the prefrontal cortex were significantly lower during the second training session (Block 2) compared to the initial training session (Block 1) (p < 0.05).

Aim of the study is to compare early surgical outcomes of robotic assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy with laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign diseases, in terms of operation time, estimated blood loss(EBL), perioperative complications, hospital stay and first gas discharge. Medical records of 146 patients, who underwent laparoscopic (n:84) and robotic assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (n:62) for benign diseases were extracted from medical database. Medical records of operation time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay and first gas discharge were evaluated between the groups. Mean age and mean BMI of both groups were comparable. The difference in the mean estimated blood loss was not statistically significant between laparoscopic (91±65ml) and robotic group (80±37ml, p=0.43). The difference in the mean first gas discharge time was not statistically different between laparoscopic (15±5hours) and robotic group (17±6hours, p=0.33). The length of hospital stay was comparable between groups (1.4±0.5 vs 1.5±0.7 days, p=0,64). The mean operation time was longer for robotic group (150±180min.) when compared with laparoscopic group (105±18min, p=0,00). The mean uterine weight of robotic group was significantly higher compared with laparoscopic group (234±157 gr vs 153±119 gr, respectıvely, p=0,00). Early surgical outcomes of robotic asissted laparoscopic and laparoscopic hysterectomy were comparable in terms of EBL, first gas discharge and hospital stay. Operation time is longer in robotic hysterectomy.

Objective: To compare the perioperative results of myomectomy performed by robotic surgery (RM), laparoscopic surgery (LM), and open/abdominal surgery (OM). Material and Methods: We included 227 patients who underwent either robotic (n=66), laparoscopic (n=88), or abdominal (n=73) myomectomy at our hospital between 2016 and 2020. Retrospective medical records, including fibroid characteristics, demographic findings, and surgical outcomes, were compared. Results: The RM group had a significantly lower body mass index and significantly larger uterine size, myoma diameter, and myoma weight than the other groups. However, the OM group had the highest number of myoma. Moreover, the RM group had higher operative time and blood loss but significantly lower maximum visual analog scale values than the OM and LM groups. Hospitalization duration was significantly different among the groups. The rate of 1-day hospitalization was 56.2%, 64.8%, and 37.9% in the OM, LM, and RM groups, respectively. Furthermore, blood transfusion requirement was significantly higher in the OM group (12.3%) than in the LM and RM groups (0.0% and 4.5%, respectively). Conclusion: Minimally invasive myomectomy may be preferable, particularly for women of reproductive age. In women with large uterine size and myoma, robot-assisted LM is recommended.

Cervical cancer (CxCa) is preventable and treatable via vaccination and screening. Cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) represents the physiological components of the female genital tract. These components are suitable to be utilized for clinical purposes, therefore, making CVF a suitable material for disease screening approaches. Due to high false-negative result rates and low attendance of current expensive routine CxCa screening methods, it has become more important to develop a point-of-care (POC) screening method that every single woman could reach worldwide. For this purpose, various self-usage apparatus have been developed for screening of the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Furthermore, due to the low specificity of HPV tests and the high clearance rate of HPV infections, many patients undergo overtreatment. Since proteins play an important role in cellular process and carcinogenesis, it is appropriate to use proteins in a simple screening test for the detection of carcinogenesis. In this article, POC screening tests and the studies of discovery of CVF protein biomarkers will be overviewed to consider the development of a method that can be used for the rapid and conceivable screening method of CxCa.