Herein, a new process to manufacture multicore micelles nanoparticles reinforced with co-assembly via hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction under the help of ultrasonication was developed. The precise co-assembly between negative/hydrophobic drug and positive charged amphiphilic copolymer based pluronic platform allows the formation of complex micelles structures as the multicore motif with predefined functions. In this study, curcumin was selected as a drug model while positively charged copolymer was based on a pluronic-conjugated gelatin with different hydrophobicity length of Pluronic F87 and Pluronic F127. Under impact of dual hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, the nCur-encapsulated core–shell micelles formed ranging from 40 nm to 70 nm and 40–100 nm by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), respectively. It is found that the structures emerged depended on the relative lengths of the hydrophobic blocks in pluronic. Regarding g2(τ) behavior from DLS measurement, the nanogels showed a high stability in spherical form. Surprisingly, the release profiles showed a sustainable behavior of Cur from this system for drug delivery approaches. In vitro study exhibited that nCur-encapsulated complex micelles increased inhibitory activity against cancer cells growth with IC₅₀ is 4.02 ± 0.11 mg/L (10.92 ± 0.3 µM) which is higher than of free curcumin at 9.40 ± 0.17 mg/L (25.54 ± 0.18 µM). The results obtained can provide the new method to generate the hierarchical assembly of copolymers with incorporated loading with the same property.

The use of plant growth regulators is one effective solution to improve sugarcane yields and sugar content in several countries. In this study, we examined the role of gibberellin acid (GA3) and glyphosate (Gly) plant growth regulators to determine the appropriate concentration of GA3 and Gly to increase the yield of sugarcane and sugar accumulation, respectively. The statistical results showed that GA3 was sprayed at 150 ppm to increment the actual yield by 19.94%; sucrose accumulation increased by 2.21%. With Gly treatment, although the yield decreased by 3.17%, sucrose accumulation increased by 11.27% compared to control trials. In this study, the combined concentration of 150 ppm of both GA3 and Gly gave the best results, for which sucrose accumulation increased from 2.21% to 10.74% and from 19.94% to 20.97% for actual yield. The results led to increased net income compared to the control. To address concerns about residues of plant growth regulators, residues of GA3 and Gly were evaluated after the sugarcane harvest using the HPLC and UV-vis methods, respectively. The analyzed results showed that their residues were lower than what is permitted in several countries. This showed the applicability of the study, on a large scale, to increase sucrose accumulation, productivity of sugarcane, and profit for farmers.

The pyrolysis of coconut husk (CH) impregnated with Mg(OH) ₂ at 400 °C produced MgO nanoparticles/coconut husk biochar (MgO NPs/CHB) containing 1.29% MgO (w/w). The biochar yield from Mg(OH) ₂ -treated biomass reached 51.47%, which was higher than that obtained from untreated CH (41.23%). The morphology and particle size of MgO NPs were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with average sizes of about 24.4 nm and 28.4 nm, respectively. The structural and physicochemical properties of the material were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and N ₂ adsorption-desorption analysis. Seed priming with MgO NPs/CHB at a concentration of 100 mg MgO/L improved the ability of rice seedlings to cope with salt-induced stress, as indicated by increased chlorophyll content, plant height, and root length after 7 days of salt treatment under 75 mM NaCl. In addition, MgO NPs/CHB priming alleviated salt-induced stress in rice seedlings, as evidenced by reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to the salt-stressed control, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, lower malondialdehyde content, and an increased K ⁺ /Na ⁺ ratio in leaves compared to the non-primed salt-stressed control.