Background: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a relatively rare malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. This study was designed to identify prognostic factors and establish a nomogram model to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with SNMM. Methods: A total of 459 patients with SNMM were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database as the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen for independent factors associated with patient prognosis and develop the nomogram model. In addition, external validation was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the nomogram with a cohort of 34 patients with SNMM from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Results: The median OS in the cohort from the SEER database was 28 months. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 69.8%, 40.4%, and 30.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age, T stage, N stage, surgery and radiotherapy were independent variables associated with OS. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the nomograms for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.78, 0.71 and 0.71, respectively, in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.90, 0.75 and 0.78, respectively. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups based on the total score of the nomogram. Patients in the low-risk group had a significantly better survival prognosis than patients in the high-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.0001) and the validation cohort (P = 0.0016). Conclusion: We established and validated a novel nomogram model to predict the OS of SNMM patients stratified by age, T stage, N stage, surgery and radiotherapy. This predictive tool is of potential importance in the realms of patient counselling and clinical decision-making.

(1) Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease in otolaryngology and novel biological therapies are required for clinical needs. To assess the tolerability of monoclonal antibodies, justifying their clinical applications, we presented a comprehensive safety profile of biologics in AR; (2) Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines for randomized clinical trials comparing monoclonal antibodies and placebo in AR. PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane were searched up until 9 January 2023. Among 3590 records in total, 12 studies with more than 2600 patients were included. Quality was assessed for all studies using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, and subgrouped meta-analysis was performed; (3) Results: We accomplished an up-to-date literature overview and analysis on adverse events of monoclonal antibodies in AR. Total, common, severe, discontinuation-causing, and serious adverse events failed to reach statistical significance. Country was an essential factor for heterogeneity, and urticaria was the adverse event at highest risk (RR 2.81, 95% CI 0.79–9.95); (4) Conclusions: Monoclonal antibodies are considered well tolerated and relatively safe in patients with AR. The regions of patients and hypersensitive adverse reactions such as urticaria require a special caution in biological treatments in AR.

Nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) is a core symptom of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), frequently induced by cold stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that NHR is largely mediated by neuroimmune mechanisms rather than classical allergen-driven inflammation alone. Among the molecular sensors involved, the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential channels transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) have emerged as key regulators linking environmental cold exposure to sensory nerve activation, neuropeptide release, and immune modulation. This review systematically summarizes the expression, functions, and neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by TRPA1 and TRPM8 in AR and CRS, with a particular focus on their roles in NHR. Furthermore, it discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting these channels to alleviate neurogenic inflammation and refractory nasal symptoms, aiming to provide new perspectives for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precise treatments.

Neoplasms in the infratemporal fossa (ITF) are rare and insidious lesions that cause various symptoms due to involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), paranasal sinuses, and orbit. Here, we report a case of metastatic non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma in the ITF. The patient presented with facial pain and limited mouth opening, which did not respond to treatment for TMJ disorder, and a neoplasm was discovered in the ITF through medical imaging. With an open biopsy, the diagnosis was finalized. This report suggested that the physician should consider lesions in the ITF when facial pain and limited mouth opening failed local treatment, and distant metastasis of malignant tumor should be alerted. We also reviewed the literature regarding metastatic cancer to the ITF.