Background.Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), as a mesenchymal tumor, is common in the lung and abdomen but rare in the paranasal sinus and nasopharynx.Objective.This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of IMT in the paranasal sinus and nasopharynx and analyze the relationship between the treatment and the overall survival (OS).Method.The clinical features, treatment, and follow-up data of patients diagnosed with IMT of the paranasal sinus or nasopharynx from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the previous literature was reviewed.Results.IMT often presents as an ill-defined soft-tissue mass with bone destruction and invasion of surrounding structures. The treatment methods used in this study were different combinations of surgery, prednisone, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy or observation alone. Three of the 13 patients were lost and the follow-up time of the remaining 10 cases ranged from 2 to 87 months (median, 39 months). Two patients died of the disease; the other eight patients were stable. The 5-year survival rate was 72%. Among the four methods of treatment, only treatment with prednisone was significantly correlated with better OS (P= 0.046).Conclusions.IMT is an intermediate tumor that often mimics malignancy. We are not sure if IMTs in the nasal cavity are more aggressive because of the biology or if the location and local therapy in the head region is more complicated. Radiologic findings help know the extent of the lesion. For unresectable nasal IMT, combined therapy with glucocorticoids, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is sometimes a better choice. Glucocorticoids are especially recommended as a basic part of the integrated therapy. However, the standard treatment needs further research.

Background: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a relatively rare malignant tumour with a poor prognosis. This study was designed to identify prognostic factors and establish a nomogram model to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with SNMM. Methods: A total of 459 patients with SNMM were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database as the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen for independent factors associated with patient prognosis and develop the nomogram model. In addition, external validation was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the nomogram with a cohort of 34 patients with SNMM from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Results: The median OS in the cohort from the SEER database was 28 months. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 69.8%, 40.4%, and 30.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age, T stage, N stage, surgery and radiotherapy were independent variables associated with OS. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the nomograms for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.78, 0.71 and 0.71, respectively, in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram for predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.90, 0.75 and 0.78, respectively. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups based on the total score of the nomogram. Patients in the low-risk group had a significantly better survival prognosis than patients in the high-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.0001) and the validation cohort (P = 0.0016). Conclusion: We established and validated a novel nomogram model to predict the OS of SNMM patients stratified by age, T stage, N stage, surgery and radiotherapy. This predictive tool is of potential importance in the realms of patient counselling and clinical decision-making.

Nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) is a core symptom of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), frequently induced by cold stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that NHR is largely mediated by neuroimmune mechanisms rather than classical allergen-driven inflammation alone. Among the molecular sensors involved, the cold-sensitive transient receptor potential channels transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) have emerged as key regulators linking environmental cold exposure to sensory nerve activation, neuropeptide release, and immune modulation. This review systematically summarizes the expression, functions, and neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by TRPA1 and TRPM8 in AR and CRS, with a particular focus on their roles in NHR. Furthermore, it discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting these channels to alleviate neurogenic inflammation and refractory nasal symptoms, aiming to provide new perspectives for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precise treatments.

Objectives: We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcomes of three types of Switch/Sucrose Nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)-deficient sinonasal carcinomas (SDSCs), thereby expanding the spectrum of these rare entities and facilitating early diagnosis. Methods: We designed a retrospective single-center case series to analyze the clinicopathological features of 17 patients with SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma (n = 10), SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma (n = 6) and SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) (n = 1) treated between 2018 and 2025, and reviewed the relevant literature. Results: The cohort included 14 males and 3 females, aged 26 to 69 years (mean, 47 years). SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas predominantly involved the ethmoid sinus (6 of 8 patients), presenting epistaxis (7 of 10 patients), nasal obstruction (5 of 10 patients), and ocular symptoms (4 of 10 patients). SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinomas mainly arose in the nasal cavity (3 of 4 patients), characterized by nasal obstruction (4 of 6 patients), and epistaxis or purulent rhinorrhea (4 of 6 patients); ocular symptoms were less common (2 of 6 patients). The TCS patient had left nasal cavity and ethmoid involvement with nasal obstruction and purulent rhinorrhea. Most patients presented with advanced-stage disease (T4a, n = 9), with skull base (n = 6), and orbital (n = 3) involvement. Histologically, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed complete SMARCB1 or SMARCA4 loss (complete in carcinomas and partial in TCS), diffuse CK positivity, and high Ki-67 indices. Treatment modalities included: chemotherapy and immunotherapy without surgery (n = 2), radical surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy (n = 2), radical surgery with chemoradiotherapy (n = 9), postoperative radiotherapy alone (n = 3), and non-radical surgery with chemoradiotherapy (n = 1). At a median follow-up of 19 months (range, 8–57 months), 2 patients were lost to follow-up, 3 died, 2 had persistent disease, and 10 remained disease-free. Conclusions: SDSC is an aggressive tumor with male predominance and advanced-stage presentation. Early recognition and appropriate immunohistochemical evaluation are essential for timely diagnosis and management. Prospective studies of novel targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies are warranted.