The extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits, such as lemon, has gained relevance because these compounds have beneficial properties for health, such as antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, the extraction method can significantly affect these properties. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound, as emerging extraction methods, constitute an alternative to conventional extraction, improving extractability and obtaining extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Therefore, lemon extracts (LEs) were obtained by conventional (orbital shaking), ultrasound-assisted, and high-hydrostatic-pressure extraction. Extracts were then microencapsulated with maltodextrin at 10% (M10), 20% (M20), and 30% (M30). The impact of microencapsulation on LEs physicochemical properties, phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and relative bio-accessibility (RB) was evaluated. M30 promoted a higher microencapsulation efficiency for TPC and TFC, and a longer time required for microcapsules to dissolve in water, as moisture content, water activity and hygroscopicity decreased. The RBs of TPC and TFC were higher in microcapsules with M30, and lower when conventional extraction was used. The data suggest that microencapsulated LE is promising as it protects the bioactivity of phenolic compounds. In addition, this freeze-dried product can be utilized as a functional ingredient for food or supplement formulations.

A new cobaloxime was synthesized by the reaction of cobalt chloride and diphenylglyoxime in methanol, followed by the addition of 4′-(4-pyridyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, pytpy. This complex was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In cyclic voltammetry experiments an irreversible reduction wave assigned to Co(III)/Co(II) at Ecp = −0.31 V vs. Ag/AgCl and a quasi-reversible process assigned to the Co(II)/Co(I) reduction at −0.72 V vs. Ag/AgCl were observed. The crystal of the complex belongs to the triclinic space group P1 with a = 12.4698(6) Å, b = 14.1285(8) Å, c = 15.5801(8) Å, α = 109.681(4)°, β = 112.975(4)°, γ = 81.67(96.414(4)°3)°, V = 2284.0(2) ų, Z = 2, Dc = 1.408 mg·m⁻³, μ = 0.66 mm⁻¹, F(000) = 996, and final R1 = 0.0564, ωR2 = 0.1502.

A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of iodate through the in situ production of iodine. The oxidation of the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (R) molecule produces a stable oxidation intermediate, semiquinondiimine (S⁺), which has a marked absorbance at 550 nm (ε = 10 000). Iodine can be released from an iodate sample by adding KI. The released iodine begins to react in situ with R, producing twice as many S⁺ molecules as a result of the reaction of quinondiimine (T⁺), the final oxidation product, through a rapid syn-proportionation reaction with the excess R present in the solution. The absorbance is stoichiometrically proportional to the concentration of iodine and, consequently, the iodide concentration can be calculated. The pH range is 3–7 and the ratio [R]/[Ox] is 20 : 1. Calibration curves can be constructed with an R = 0.9997. The proposed method was compared with the traditional volumetric method and applied to veterinary supplement capsule and table salt samples. The limits of detection and quantification for iodine by the proposed method were estimated to be 0.020 mM and 0.036 mM, respectively.