This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different mixture ratios of sorghum (S) and cluster bean (CB) on fermentation parameters, nutritional composition, and gas-methane production of mixture silages. Five different mixture ratios (100%S, 75%S+25%CB, 50%S+50CB, 25%S+75%CB and 100%CB) were used in this study. Effects of mixture ratios on entire parameters were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). Decreasing ADF and NDF ratios and increasing crude protein, ash and oil contents and condensed tannin levels were observed with increasing cluster bean ratios of the mixtures. However, cluster beans reduced WSC and lactic acid and increased pH, butyric acid and ethanol contents. The lowest Fleig score was obtained from cluster bean silage (100%CB). The lowest gas-methane production was obtained from cluster bean silage and the greatest ME and NEL values were obtained from sorghum silage (100%S). The best OMD values were obtained from sorghum silage and 75%S+25%CB mixture silage. The present findings revealed that a 50%S+50%CB mixture yielded high nutritional composition and good fermentation parameters.

Understanding the impact of irrigation levels on maize (Zea mays L.) nutritional properties is crucial for optimizing water use in sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the effects of three irrigation levels (I75: 75%, I100: 100%, and I125: 125% of depleted water from field capacity) on the biochemical composition, mineral content, and fatty acid profile of five maize cultivars’ grain. Biplot analysis was employed to identify superior irrigation levels and cultivars regarding nutritional traits and to visually interpret their interrelationships. The findings indicate that increased irrigation enhances oil, protein, ash, total starch, amylopectin, resistant starch, and non-resistant starch while reducing dietary fiber, phytic acid, and amylose levels. Mineral contents generally increased with irrigation, except for sulfur, which declined, and potassium, which peaked at I100 before decreasing. The fatty acid composition was largely cultivar-dependent, with no significant effect from irrigation. Among the tested irrigation levels, I100 was the most optimal, providing the best nutritional quality and mineral composition balance across the maize cultivars. Pioneer PR31Y43 and Syngenta Dracma cultivars stood out under limited irrigation conditions (I75), Pioneer PR31G98 and Tareks OSSK644 cultivars under optimum irrigation conditions (I100), and Syngenta Inove and Tareks OSSK644 cultivars under over-irrigation conditions (I125). These results highlight the necessity of cultivar-specific irrigation strategies to maximize maize nutritional quality and resource efficiency.

Çalışmanın amacı farklı oralarda karıştırılan vitiver (V) ve soyanın (S) silaj fermentasyonu, besinsel özellikler ile gaz ve metan üretimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaçla vitiver ve soya bitkileri beş farklı oranda (100V%, 75%V+25%25S, 50%V+50S, 25%V+75%S ve %100S) karıştırılmıştır. İncelenen tüm özellikler üzerine karışımın etkisi istatistiksel olarak çok önemli bulunmuştur (p≤0.01).Araştırma sonuçlarına göre silaj karışımındaki soya miktarının artmasıyla kuru madde miktarı, ham protein ve ham yağ oranları artmış, ADF ve NDF oranları azalmıştır. Vitiver oranının artması pH seviyesinde düşüş, gaz ve metan üretiminde, metabolik enerji ve organik madde sindirim derecesinde, ham külde, laktik asit oranlarında artış sağlamıştır. Ancak vetiverin bir çim türü olmasına rağmen soya ile karışımda iyi bir silaj üretimi için yeterli kuru madde miktarına ve uygun pH seviyesine sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Kökleri için yoğun yetiştirilen vitiverin toprak üstü aksamının yalın silaj olarak değerlendirilmesi veya yeni bitkilerle karışımının yapılması gerekmektedir.