The concept of federated learning (FL) is becoming increasingly popular as a method for training collaborative models without loss the sensitive information. The term has become ubiquitous due to the extensive development of autonomous vehicles. Vehicular Networks and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enable cooperative learning through federated learning. It is still necessary to address several technical challenges. In recent years, Federated Learning (FL) has attracted significant interest in various sectors, including smart cities and transportation systems. FL-enabled attack detection for IoVs are still in its infancy. However, to determine the main challenges of deployment in real-world scenarios, there needs to be research efforts from various areas. Performance metrics are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed FL framework. According to experiments, the proposed FL approach detected attacks in IOV networks with a maximum accuracy of 99.72%. In addition to precision, recall, and F1 scores, 99.70%, 99.20%, and 99.26% were achieved. A comparison of the proposed model with the existing model shows that the proposed model is more accurate.

Pregnancy complications significantly impact women and pose potential threats to the developing child’s health. Early identification of these complications is imperative for life-saving interventions. The manual analysis of cardiotocography (CTG) tests, a conventional practice among obstetricians, is both labor-intensive and unreliable. Consequently, the development of efficient fetal health classification models becomes crucial for optimizing medical resources and saving time.This study addresses the imperative for advanced fetal health classification through the application of machine learning (ML) techniques. The objective is to explore, develop, and analyze ML models capable of accurately classifying fetal health based on CTG data. The overarching goal is to enhance diagnostic precision and facilitate timely interventions.Utilizing a freely available cardiotocography data set, despite its relatively small size, the research acknowledges its rich characteristics. Various ML models, including Random Forests, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Classifiers, Voting Classes, and K-Nearest Neighbors, are deployed on the data set. The analysis involves rigorous training and testing of these models to assess their efficacy in classifying fetal health.The study yields promising outcomes, with the implemented ML models achieving a notable accuracy level of 93%, surpassing previous methods. This underscores the effectiveness of the proposed models in elevating the precision of fetal health classification based on CTG data.The findings advocate for the integration of ML models into routine clinical practices, streamlining fetal health assessments. The study not only underscores the significance of early complication detection but also demonstrates the potential of ML in optimizing medical resource allocation and time efficiency. Further research is warranted to refine and expand ML applications in the context of fetal health assessment, promising advancements in prenatal care.

Intelligent transport systems (ITSs) aim to improve the performance of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It provides new opportunities for the Internet of Vehicle (IoVs) environment but poses some security concerns, especially concerning the Vehicle-to-Vehicle secure communication connection. The advent of the Next Generation technology for Internet of Vehicles (IOVs) secure communication has greatly benefited mobile networks. While 5G IoVs has many privacy and security challenges, several must be addressed. The confidentiality and privacy of data transmitted between vehicles, roadside units (RSU), and control rooms is a critical issue that must be addressed effectively. Blockchain technology presents a potential solution for securing the IOVs because of its decentralization, stability, and transaction tracking capabilities. To overcome these issues, this paper introduces BLAP-IOVs, a Blockchain-based Lightweight Authentication Protocol for generating Trustworthy IOVs communication. Comprehensive analysis and simulation results verify that the proposed BLAP-IOVs approach is efficient for secure information transmission in IOVs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed BLAP-IOVs approach achieves high success communication rates with acceptable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) loss and computation overhead. BLAP-IOVs suggest using Blockchain to improve Security, trust, and collaboration.

In order to address the issue of insufficient task offloading decisions in vehicle networks of transportation cyber-physical systems (TCPS) because of multitasking and resource constraints, this study presents a quasi-Newton deep reinforcement learning-based two-stage online offloading (QNRLO) algorithm. Computer simulation experiments show that the approach performs exceptionally well in terms of convergence under various conditions and parameter configurations. Most of the trials are carried out in a simulated setting, and further real-world scenarios may be required to confirm the algorithm’s efficacy. This methodology initially implements batch normalization techniques to enhance the training process of the deep neural network, subsequently utilizing the quasi-Newton method for optimization to successfully approximate the ideal answer. According to the experimental results, the QNRLO algorithm’s loss function and normalized computation rate have converged after 2,000 iterations, demonstrating the algorithm’s excellent stability and dependability. The findings demonstrate that the computational load and training time can be further optimized by appropriately adjusting certain parameters without compromising convergence performance. Furthermore, the technique incorporates system transmission time allocation into the TCPS model, hence augmenting the model’s practicality. The proposed approach markedly enhances the efficiency and stability of job offloading compared to previous algorithms, effectively addressing task offloading challenges in TCPS and exhibiting considerable applicability and reliability.