The geotextile bag retaining wall is a reinforced soil retaining structure that has been widely adopted in recent engineering practice; its construction method involves stacking geotextile bags along the slope surface to provide surface load support for the backfill. This structure is characterized by simple construction, low cost, excellent reinforcement performance, and environmental friendliness. However, traditional geotextile bag retaining walls often suffer from drawbacks such as excessive lateral deformation and localized slope instability. Therefore, this study proposes an improved composite retaining wall structure combining soil and geotextile bag systems with geogrid reinforcement; this structure represents an enhancement and optimization of existing geotextile bag support systems; this approach integrates the individual geotextile bags into a unified whole, thereby enhancing the structural bearing capacity. Then, using a simplified shear-strength-reduction scenario in FLAC3D, we analyzed the load-bearing performance of this modified geotextile bag retaining wall under rainfall conditions, offering recommendations for regions with frequent precipitation. It is emphasized that additional slope stabilization measures should be implemented when employing this configuration. The test results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity varies from 132.09 kPa to 207.47 kPa under different slope ratios with fixed 1 m geogrid reinforcement length. The geogrid-wrapped configuration reduces wall-facing horizontal deformation significantly, and increases its load-bearing capacity.

Modular construction is generally defined as a typical offsite construction approach that can improve environmental sustainability throughout the building project lifecycle. Based on this situation, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) while promoting this sustainable construction method effectively during the urbanisation process is essential. Generally, modular construction is a sustainable building approach that can improve project sustainability, considering the environmental, social, economic, and technological aspects. A comprehensive understanding of the basic situation of prefabricated construction is worthwhile to ensure the widespread adoption of this offsite building method. By employing the SWOT analytical framework, this study adopts a literature review approach to conduct the investigation. In terms of the project results, the core strengths of using modular construction include improving environmental sustainability, enhancing management effectiveness, and improving construction safety and quality. The major weaknesses, on the other hand, are a lack of expertise and research, excessively high initial costs, and difficulties in stakeholder coordination. On the other hand, the major opportunities include promoting the SDGs and other policies, the Industrial Revolution 4.0, and urbanisation and building demands. The main threats, however, include substitute construction technologies, imperfect building codes and standards, and a lack of social and market acceptance. Further research can increase the sample size and collect more accurate firsthand data to validate the results of the current investigation, which can increase the effectiveness of promoting modular construction in the targeted regions.