The financial market has been developing rapidly in recent years, and the issue of credit risk concerning listed companies has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, predicting the credit risk of listed companies is an urgent concern for banks, regulators and investors. The commonly used models are the Z-score, Logit (logistic regression model), the kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) and neural network models. However, the results achieved could be more satisfactory. This paper proposes a credit-risk-prediction model for listed companies based on a CNN-LSTM and an attention mechanism, Our approach is based on the benefits of the long short-term memory network (LSTM) model for long-term time-series prediction combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Furthermore, the advantages of being integrated into a CNN-LSTM model include reducing the complexity of the data, improving the calculation speed and training speed of the model and solving the possible lack of historical data in the long-term sequence prediction of the LSTM model, resulting in prediction accuracy. To reduce problems, we introduced an attention mechanism to assign weights independently and optimize the model. The results show that our model has distinct advantages compared with other CNNs, LSTMs, CNN-LSTMs and other models. The research on the credit-risk prediction of the listing formula has significant meaning.

Financial time-series prediction has been an important topic in deep learning, and the prediction of financial time series is of great importance to investors, commercial banks and regulators. This paper proposes a model based on multiplexed attention mechanisms and linear transformers to predict financial time series. The linear transformer model has a faster model training efficiency and a long-time forecasting capability. Using a linear transformer reduces the original transformer’s complexity and preserves the decoder’s multiplexed attention mechanism. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the model, increase the inference speed of the model and reduce the number of operations, which has new implications for the prediction of financial time series.

Against the backdrop of China’s strategic goals of achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, a key question is whether renewable electricity generation (REG) is associated with lower carbon emission intensity (CEI). To address this issue, this study employs panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2024 and combines the Tapio decoupling model, Moran’s I test, and the spatial Durbin model (SDM), with the ordinary least squares (OLS) used as a benchmark to analyze the decoupling evolution, spatial spillover associations, and potential transmission channels between REG and CEI. The findings show that: (1) the relationship between REG and CEI evolves from weak decoupling to strong decoupling, suggesting a potentially nonlinear relationship; (2) CEI exhibits significant spatial autocorrelation and regional clustering; (3) REG is significantly associated with lower CEI, with both local and spatial spillover associations; (4) the local mitigation association is stronger in eastern and higher-CEI provinces, while spillover effects are more pronounced in western, northeastern, and resource-based provinces; and (5) the REG-CEI association may operate through energy structure (ES) optimization and energy intensity (EI) reduction, while environmental regulation (ER) may strengthen this association. The endogeneity tests provide supplementary evidence consistent with these findings, although they should not be interpreted as definitive causal proof. Overall, this study contributes to the sustainability literature by showing that the REG-CEI relationship is not merely a static local association, but a dynamic and spatially differentiated pattern shaped by regional coordination and energy-system adjustment. These findings provide evidence relevant to sustainability-oriented energy policy by suggesting that renewable electricity development should be assessed not only by generation scale, but also by its association with carbon-intensity reduction, spatial coordination, and energy-system efficiency.