This research explores the potential of using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a stabilizer in the production of compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEBs). The study investigates the effect of varying levels of cement content (ranging from 0% to 10%) and MSWIBA content (ranging from 0% to 25%) on the strength and durability of CSEBs. The strength characteristics of CSEBs were evaluated through tests such as wet and dry compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and stress–strain behavior, while durability was tested through wetting–drying cyclic tests. The results indicated that CSEB blocks made with 20% MSWIBA content and 10% cement were able to fulfill strength criteria. Additionally, using these blocks could result in cost savings of 8% during construction when compared to using fired clay bricks (FCB). Furthermore, varying the cement content while maintaining a constant proportion of MSWIBA showed a significant change in the stress–strain behavior and a cost analysis performed for CSEBs stabilized with the optimal quantity of MSWIBA-OPC combination showed that they can be a viable alternative to conventional earth blocks, providing an eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for construction initiatives.

The rapid adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the construction industry has revolutionized safety, surveying, quality monitoring, and maintenance assessment. UAVs are increasingly used to prevent accidents caused by falls from heights or being struck by falling objects by ensuring workers comply with safety protocols. This study focuses on leveraging UAV technology to enhance labor safety by monitoring the use of personal protective equipment, particularly helmets, among construction workers. The developed UAV system utilizes the tensorflow technique and an alert system to detect and identify workers not wearing helmets. Employing the high-precision, high-speed, and widely applicable Faster R-CNN method, the UAV can accurately detect construction workers with and without helmets in real-time across various site conditions. This proactive approach ensures immediate feedback and intervention, significantly reducing the risk of injuries and fatalities. Additionally, the implementation of UAVs minimizes the workload of site supervisors by automating safety inspections and monitoring, allowing for more efficient and continuous oversight. The experimental results indicate that the UAV system’s high precision, recall, and processing capabilities make it a reliable and cost-effective solution for improving construction site safety. The precision, mAP, and FPS of the developed system with the R-CNN are 93.1%, 58.45%, and 27 FPS. This study demonstrates the potential of UAV technology to enhance safety compliance, protect workers, and improve the overall quality of safety management in the construction industry.

Solar energy is the most promising source for generating residential, commercial, and industrial electricity. However, solar panels should be eco-friendly to increase sustainability during manufacturing and recycling. This study investigates the potential of using natural fibre composites as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) back sheets in solar panels. Furthermore, it examines the performance of sisal fibres coated with zeolite-polyester resin. The chemical composition, structural integrity, and crystalline properties of the composites were evaluated through extensive microstructural analysis. The results from the experimental analysis revealed significant improvements in voltage (8%) and current (6%) for the coated sisal fibre panels compared to conventional panels. Power output increased by 12%, and overall efficiency improved from 9.75 to 10.8%. Solar panels with sisal fibre sheets exhibit adequate tensile strength and impact resistance and reduce operating temperature by 2–3 °C, ensuring stable operation and minimizing heat loss. Statistical analysis confirmed the reliability and significance of these results. The life cycle analysis demonstrated a 60% reduction in CO₂ emissions and a 50% decrease in energy consumption during the production, utilization and disposal of sisal fibre sheets. These findings underscore the viability of natural fibre composites in enhancing the performance and sustainability of solar panels.

This research investigates the use of municipal solid waste cremated fly ash as a viable substitute for natural sand in building methodologies, with a focus on sustainability. The waste material is used in the manufacturing of concrete roof tiles that are combined with solar PV systems, providing advantages in terms of both thermal comfort and improved energy efficiency. These tiles exhibit thermal insulation prowess by effectively preserving a 2-degree temperature differential and collecting heat from solar panels to enhance their energy-production efficiency. In order to enhance performance even further, aluminium foil is strategically placed on all four sides of the roof walls. The foil acts as a reflector, redirecting solar energy towards the tiles, which leads to a 5% boost in power generation. Particular alignments, such as positioning in an east-west or north-south direction, result in further enhancements in performance of 4% and 3%, respectively. This comprehensive approach not only confirms the use of waste materials for environmentally friendly construction but also emphasizes their crucial role in promoting energy-efficient building methods.

Storage conditions play a crucial role in preserving fruit quality, regulating ripening, and preventing degradation. The current research examines the impact of fruit quality stored in controlled environment where compressed stabilised earth blocks (CSEBs) were produced incorporating municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA). To improve fruit storage efficiency, this research examines the impact of incorporating municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) into compressed stabilised earth blocks (CSEBs). The impact of a pyramid-shaped storage structure built with floor tiles and MSWIBA-based CSEB on the physico-chemical properties of fruits, such as ripening and textural properties, was examined over a period of six days. There was an increase in Brix values of bananas (12.5–16.3), guavas (8.4–12.7), and chikkus (10.2–14.5). Fruits which are stored in a controlled environment inhibited excessive fermentation while maintaining constant pH between 3.8 and 4.6. The ability of MSWIBA-enhanced CSEBs in regulating moisture, prevented deterioration and shrinkage of fruits maintaining consistent temperature and humidity level. Compared to traditional storage techniques, the freshness of fruits significantly increased when stored at controlled conditions offered by MSWIBA-based CSEBs which in turn reduce the post-harvest loses. The current results highlight the improvement in quality of fruits in sustainable CSEB-based storage method. This also promotes food security and waste valorization. The novelty of the work lies in presenting the sustainable fruit storage method incorporating MSWIBA into CSEBs that lessens reliance on methods that requires higher energy. The current research lay the groundwork for future studies on the broader application of CSEBs in agricultural storage, which may enhance the methods for sustainable food preservation.