The goal of the experiment described in this paper was to examine the effects of structure orientation (0°–90°) and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) under combined water loads, represented by water current and waves, and earthquake actions, on the dynamic response of a reduced-scale bridge pier specimen with pile foundation. The peak relative displacement and peak acceleration of the specimen are measured using the first time innovative in Iraq, Reality Water–Structure–Earthquake Interaction Test (RWSEIT). The findings are given and analyzed concerning water depths, current speed, wave characteristics, earthquake amplitudes, and structural orientations. A numerical model of the examined specimen with three dimensions (3D) was constructed, and the findings were successfully confirmed using the data from the experiments. A pile foundation bridge pier's 3D structural response under orientations that cannot be tested in a lab was computed using the constructed numerical model. The complicated dynamically produced FSI effects on the response of coastal pile foundation bridges may be better understood according to the research's experimental and numerical findings.

Pile spacing significantly influences the dynamic response of coastal pile foundation bridges, particularly under complex loading conditions. This study presents a novel methodology for optimizing the distribution of piles within a nine-pile cap and evaluates the effects of varying pile spacings on the dynamic fluid-structure interaction. An experimental investigation was conducted to assess the dynamic response of three scaled bridge specimens with pile spacings of 2.5D, 2.0D, and 1.5D (where D is the pile diameter) under combined current-wave forces during seismic events. The acceleration and displacement responses were measured using the innovative Reality Water Structure Earthquake Interaction Test (RWSEIT) system. The results revealed that reduced pile spacing (1.5D) led to a significant increase in both acceleration and displacement responses, indicating higher vulnerability under dynamic loading. In contrast, wider spacing (2.5D) demonstrated improved stability, with reduced displacement and acceleration, thereby enhancing the overall structural resilience. The analysis also highlighted the critical role of water depth, current velocity, and wave properties in modulating the dynamic response. Complementary 3D numerical models were developed using the Finite Element DIANA Software, and the numerical results closely matched the experimental findings, thereby validating the model’s accuracy. These insights contribute to more sustainable infrastructure design, aligning with global efforts to enhance the resilience and longevity of coastal structures while minimizing environmental impact. These findings provide crucial insights into the fluid-structure interactions of coastal bridges, offering practical guidance for the design and assessment of deepwater pile foundations under seismic and hydrodynamic forces.

This article reports the durability performance of modified concrete with silica nanoparticles and a high volume of waste ceramic tiles under varying elevated temperatures. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with 60% waste ceramic tiles powder (WTCPs) and supplemented with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% nanopowders from waste glass bottles (WGBNPs) as a rich source of silica. The natural aggregates (both coarse and fine) were fully replaced by the crushed waste ceramic tiles (WTCAs). After 28 days of curing, the modified specimens were exposed to varying elevated temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) in a furnace followed by air cooling. Tests such as residual compressive strength, weight loss, ultrasonic plus velocity, visual appearance, and microstructural analysis were conducted. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to validate the performance of the proposed predictive equations, as well as their terms, using p-values and F-values. It was discerned that OPC substitution with WTCPs and WGBNPs significantly improved the concrete’s performance under elevated temperatures. It is observed that the addition of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% WGBNPs lowered the concrete deterioration by increasing the residual strength and reducing both internal and external cracks. This study provides some new insights into the utilization of WTCPs and WGBNPs to produce sustainable and eco-friendly modified concrete with high spalling resistance characteristics at elevated temperatures.

Drinking water treatment aims to eliminate physical, chemical, and biological impurities to mitigate health risks, ensure adequate water quality, and promote sustainability. However, the treatment process often requires significant energy, chemicals, and technological inputs, which can lead to...