The evolution of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has captured widespread interest lately, offering prospects for enhanced road safety, alleviation of traffic congestion, and heightened fuel efficiency. The essential role of Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocols in the operational integrity of AVs is undeniable. This research outlines the architecture of an elementary autonomous vehicle predicated on diverse CAN bus frameworks. We introduce a design that integrates a multiplexed CAN bus arrangement, fostering streamlined interactions among the AV's various subsystems. This design is inherently scalable, promoting ease of modification in step with evolving autonomous vehicular technologies. The paper delves into the intricacies encountered throughout the design phase and articulates the methodologies adopted to surmount these obstacles. Empirical simulations substantiate the efficacy of our design, underscoring its dependability and strength across a multitude of vehicular contexts. Fundamentally, this design lays the groundwork for the advancement of sophisticated AVs, thereby contributing to the realization of optimized vehicular ecosystems.

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize transportation by integrating advanced sensor technologies, sophisticated control systems, and robust communication networks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state of AV architectures, covering essential components such as perception, localization, path planning, and control. A detailed analysis of sensor technologies—including LiDAR, radar, cameras, and inertial navigation systems—highlights their individual roles, benefits, and limitations. Furthermore, the paper examines both intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle communication networks (e.g., CAN, LIN, FlexRay, MOST, and Ethernet), offering a quantitative performance evaluation through mathematical models and comparative analysis. Critical challenges, including cybersecurity threats, sensor reliability issues, data processing demands, and regulatory hurdles, are discussed alongside potential future directions. The insights provided aim to guide researchers and industry professionals in advancing AV technology while balancing performance, cost, and safety.

The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential benefits in terms of increased safety, reduced traffic congestion, and improved energy efficiency. Various types of Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocols in AVs are crucial for their proper functioning. This paper presents an efficient design of a basic autonomous vehicle based on various CAN bus types. The proposed design incorporates a multi-protocol CAN bus system that enables efficient communication between the different components of the AV. The system is designed to be scalable and adaptable to future advancements in autonomous driving. The paper also discusses the challenges faced during the design process and the solutions to overcome them. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design, highlighting its reliability and robustness in various driving scenarios. Overall, the proposed design can be a foundation for developing more advanced AVs and pave the way toward safer and more efficient transportation systems.

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus has been a cornerstone in vehicular communication, facilitating robust and efficient data exchange among electronic control units (ECUs). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the classical CAN bus, CAN FD, and their key attributes, including message prioritization, arbitration mechanisms, and error detection. Additionally, the paper explores the IEEE 802.11b wireless standard, emphasizing its potential for extending CAN-based networks into wireless domains. The study categorizes existing literature into wired and wireless CAN applications, highlighting advancements, challenges, and limitations in both areas. A critical gap identified in current research is the lack of performance assessment of ECUs, particularly in autonomous vehicle (AV) applications. Moreover, most wireless implementations of CAN rely on Bluetooth, Zigbee, or IEEE 802.11b, which are constrained by limited data rates and scalability. This review outlines the necessity for more integrated, high-performance wireless CAN solutions to enhance vehicular network efficiency, particularly in AV environments.

In this paper, we propose a systematized analytical and AI-assisted framework to compute the end-to-end latency of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-attached wireless sensor network (WSN) node communicating over a 5G linked communication system and to identify and minimize the latency within...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by integrating advanced sensors, artificial intelligence, and communication networks to enhance safety and efficiency. This review explores the architecture of AVs, focusing on perception, localization, path planning, and control. A detailed analysis of AV sensors, including LiDAR, radar, cameras, and inertial navigation systems, highlights their roles, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, the paper examines in-vehicle and inter-vehicle communication networks, such as CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and Ethernet, which facilitate real-time data exchange. The study also addresses the key challenges AVs face, including cybersecurity threats, data processing, legal policies, and ethical concerns. By synthesizing recent advancements and ongoing challenges, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the state of AV technologies and their future prospects.