Numerous variables can affect performance before the competition. Nevertheless, it could be a subject of curiosity to find out whether a warm-up strategy has a more positive effect on the power performance of kickboxers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different specific warm-up protocols and time of day on optimum power performance in kickboxers. Ten volunteer males performed three different warm-up routines in random order. The warm-up protocols consisted of only 20 min for each group. The groups with low-intensity aerobic running (NSWU) and specific warm-ups (SWU-20m) performed 20-min protocols. The other group followed 10 minutes of jogging and 10 minutes of specific warm-up (SWU-10m). All groups followed the warm-up randomly at two different periods of the day (i.e. morning: 09:00-10:00 and evening: 16:00-17:00) on non-consecutive days. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of Mean Propulsion (W) (F=3.518; p2=0.036). There was a statistically significant difference in Mean propulsive Power (W) between NSWU and SWU-10m (p3= 0.0007) in addition there was also a statistically significant difference in SWU-10m and SWU-20m (p3= 0.0106) and, NSWU and SWU-20m (p3= 0.415) protocols. In conclusion, mean propulsion (W) performance showed diurnal variation, and performances of the kickboxers’ can be affected more positively in the evening hours, especially after SWU protocols.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate an overall performance of the elite women football players. In accordance with this purpose, 11 women football players (age: 21,5 ± 2,58 years; height: 160,8 ± 5,17 cm; weight: 55,8 ± 7,23 kg) who plays in Turkish Women’s 1 st Football League participated voluntarily. In order to measure athlete’s aerobic capacity, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo IR1) was applied and maximal oxygen uptake ( VO 2max ) values were estimated by using running distances obtained from the test results. The Wingate anaerobic power test (WanT) to measure the athlete's anaerobic properties, the vertical jump (VJ) and standing long jump (SLJ) tests to determine explosive power, the Illinois agility test to measure agility skills, 10 and 30 meters sprint runs to measure sprint performances, hand grip and back-leg strength tests to measure strength characteristics were used. In order to obtain power and velocity parameters, loaded-squat jump (SJ Loaded ) was applied with an resistance that equaled to 40% of body weight and bench throw (BT) was applied with an resistance that equaled to 30% of body weight of the participants by applying an isoinertial device and results of peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV), mean propulsive power (MPP), and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during both movements were recorded. Statistical analysis was used in the assessment of the data. According to analysis results, it was achieved that Yo-Yo IR1 running distances was as 676,3 ± 156,4 meters, while VO 2max values of athletes were estimated as 42,2 ± 1,20 ml/kg -1 /min -1 . Relative and absolute anaerobic power values for elite women football players were obtained as 439,7 (± 61,18 W) and 8,04 (± 1,09 W/kg) for maximal anaerobic power, 316,1 (± 34,46 W) and 5,78 (± 0,56 W/kg) for maximal anaerobic capacity, 193,6 (±22,30 W) and 3,55 (± 0,61 W/kg) for minimal anaerobic power, respectively. In addition, fatigue index values measured as 55,7 (± 3,75 %). Participant’s right and left hand grip strength values were obtained as 30,6 (± 4,62 kg) and 29,6 (± 4,5 kg), back and leg strength values measured as 90,2 (± 18,7 kg) and 101,8 (± 29,5 kg), respectively. Participant’s 10 and 30 meters sprint duration were obtained as 1,85 (± 0,12 sec) and 4,96 (± 0,34 sec). SLJ, VJ and agility values were obtained as 178,4 (± 21,1 cm), 35,7 (± 4,60 cm) and 17,6 (±0,67 sec), respectively. Velocity and power values for athletes during BT movement were obtained as 1,21 (± 0,10 m/sec) for MPV, 2,04 (± 0,18 m/sec) for PV, 353,6 (± 83,2 W) for MPP and 666,3 (± 152,1 W) for PP. In response to this, velocity and power values for athletes during SJ Loaded movement were obtained as 1,21 (±,10 m/sec) for MPV, 2,04 (± ,18 m/sec) for PV, 353,6 (± 83,2 W) for MPP and 666,3 (± 152,1 W) for PP. As a result, although there are many studies on physical or physiological characteristics of elite male footballers, the literature on the overall performance characteristics of women football players are limited. It is thought that the results obtained are important to fill this lack in the literature and will be the reference source for future research.

Visual feedback and music while warm up may help elicit peak performance, but its effect during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in futsal players is unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of music and visual stimulus on WAnT performance in futsal players. The study included 17 young male futsal players (age, 21.53 ± 1.32 years; height, 177.59 ± 5.75 cm; 73.71 ± 9.31 kg; BMI 23.342 ± .47). The WAnT was administered using three distinct protocols: with music (M), without music (NM), and with music and visual feedback (MV) following a 10-min warm-up at 72-h intervals. After WAnT, the following parameters were evaluated: (a) peak power output: PPO (W), (b) relative peak power output: RPPO (W/kg), (c) mean power output: MPO (W), (d) relative mean power output: RMPO (W/kg), (e) fatigue index: FI (%), and (f) minimum power output MIPO (W). MV indicated that futsal players' WAnT values, including PPO, RPPO, MPO, RMPO, and MIPO improved more than with other protocols (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between protocols for FI (%) WAnT values (p > 0.05). Listening to music and watching visual feedback while warm up before performing WAnT performance suggest to coaches and futsal players.

Performance is judged using a variety of methods to ensure uniformity between competitions. Uchikomi Fitness Test (UFT) could accomplished between morning qualifying and evening finals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different warm-up protocols on UFT at different times of the day in female judokas. Ten volunteer women who had been practising judo on a regular basis for more than 5 years and actively competed in international tournaments took part in this study. Judokas completed UFT, either after no-warm-up (NWU), specific warm-up (SWU), and linear+lateral warm-up (FWU) protocols for two times a day in the morning: 09:00–11:00 and in the evening: 16:00–18:00, on non-consecutive days. In conclusion, there was a significant increase in UFT scores (F = 9.89; p = 0.002), a + b (F = 4.42; p = 0.04) and heart rate (F = 28.99; p < 0.001) in the early evening compared to the morning. Increases in UFT performance were observed in the SWU protocol compared to the NWU and FWU protocols (p < 0.05). However, the interaction between time of day and warm protocol was not significant (p > 0.05). The UFT performance revealed diurnal variation, and the judokas’ performances may be favourably affected more in the late hours, particularly following SWU procedures.

Wrestling is a physically and mentally demanding combat sport that requires discipline, focus, and emotional control. Although its physiological effects ar