Mecanum and omni wheel-based assistive technologies present an alternative to conventional mobility devices for individuals with motor impairments, owing to their omnidirectional movement capabilities and high maneuverability in constrained environments. This systematic review identifies and categorizes the key challenges and emerging trends in the development of such systems. Primary obstacles include limited stability and maneuverability on uneven terrain, high energy consumption, complex control requirements, and elevated production costs. In response, recent studies have introduced several innovative approaches, such as advanced suspension systems to enhance terrain adaptability, modular mechanical designs to reduce manufacturing complexity, energy-efficient motor control strategies such as field-oriented control, AI-driven autonomous navigation, and hands-free user interfaces—including gesture recognition and brain–computer interfaces. By synthesizing findings from 26 peer-reviewed studies, this review outlines current technical limitations, surveys state-of-the-art solutions, and offers strategic recommendations to inform future research in intelligent assistive mobility technologies.

The number of US exams has nearly doubled in the last ten years. Many researchers point out the probe pressure force influence on image quality and other aspects of examination. This review aims to identify the range of applied probe pressure during US examinations and gather information on probe compression force values during various US examinations (examination types, body regions, etc.). Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Studies with quantitative data on probe pressure during US by human operators or RUSs (robotic ultrasound systems) were included. Results: From the 26 included studies, force ranges varied up to 34.5 N for abdominal exams. Robotic systems applied slightly higher maximum forces (34.5 N) than human operators (30 N). Most studies reported positive impacts of force monitoring on image quality and diagnostic precision, with no adverse effects on patient comfort. Conclusions: The evidence collectively emphasizes the critical role of applied pressure in US. The nonuniformity of the reviewed studies does not allow for identifying a clearly defined range of probe pressure forces or force monitoring protocols. Integrating RUS and standardized pressure protocols could improve diagnostic consistency and accuracy.

Due to the increasing number of people requiring rehabilitation and an aging society, the need to streamline, improve, and, above all, increase the availability of rehabilitation has been identified. In the present study, research was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of adapting an industrial robot to assist in the rehabilitation process. The study included four measurement series, which consisted of ten repetitions of Proprioception Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) movements. The first two series were performed with the assistance of a physiotherapist, the next two with the support of the Cobot UR10e. The lower limb movement was analyzed using the Noraxon Ultium Motion system using inertial sensors (IMU). The study analyzed the following parameters: hip flexion and abduction angles; knee flexion and rotation angles; ankle dorsiflexion angle; and motion cycle. Based on the results, it can be seen that the robot reproduces physiotherapeutic movements more precisely and with greater repeatability. The robot reproduced the movements in the hip and knee joints very well. From the analysis, it can be concluded that with proper adaptation, the robot could be used in the rehabilitation process.

This study investigates differences in lower limb muscle activity during isometric external hip rotation while standing using static and dynamic models within the AnyBody Modeling System. Thirty-three participants performed controlled isometric rotations using a custom-designed device capable of simultaneously measuring rotational moments and ground reaction forces. Both static and dynamic simulations were conducted for each subject using personalized biomechanical models. Muscle activity values at the point of peak rotational moment were analyzed for twelve key muscles involved in hip rotation and stabilization of the knee joint, and statistical differences were assessed for significance. Muscles from the gluteal group (Gluteus minimus, medius, and maximus) generally showed lower activation in dynamic simulations, although this trend was not statistically significant for all muscles or test conditions. The mean difference in muscle activity values between static and dynamic simulations was between 0.03 and 0.08 for the gluteal group muscles and up to 0.15 for the Iliopsoas. Static models overestimated the role of stabilizers. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) were observed between the two approaches in terms of predicted muscle activation. In conclusion, discrepancies in muscle activity predictions between static and dynamic simulations highlight the need for task-specific simulation design and careful result interpretation.

The growing number of patients in need of rehabilitation, largely due to an aging population and the increasing incidence of strokes, drives the search for more effective therapeutic methods. Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, increasing demand for rehabilitation services. Robotic-assisted therapy presents a promising solution by offering precision and repeatability, complementing traditional methods. This study compared traditional rehabilitation led by a physiotherapist with robotic-assisted therapy using the UR10e robot. The research consisted of two stages: in the first, a physiotherapist guided passive upper limb movements, and in the second, the same movements were replicated by the UR10e robot with a specialized adapter for arm positioning. Movements were measured using the Noraxon Ultium Motion system, analyzing flexion, extension, and rotation angles at the shoulder and elbow joints.