Population aging has become a major challenge for the Chinese government. Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2018, this study adopts the propensity score matching (PSM) method to assess the effect of community home-based elderly care services (CHECS) on the life satisfaction of the elderly in China. The results demonstrate that CHECS can improve their life satisfaction. Compared with life care services (LCS) and medical care services (MCS), the positive effect of spiritual and cultural services (SCS) and reconciliation and legal services (RLS) is more obvious. Moreover, the heterogeneity test demonstrates that the effect is more significant for the elderly who live with their families, whose activities of daily living are unrestricted, and whose depression levels are lower. The results obtained indicate that CHECS need precise policies for different elderly groups, attention to the positive impact of SCS and RLS on the life satisfaction of the elderly, and the substantive effectiveness of LCS and MCS.

Global population aging has become a continuous and irreversible trend. Most of the elderly in China prefer “aging in place” owing to the influence of traditional concepts and social welfare, but many communities, as a basic place for the elderly to live, generally lack age-friendly infrastructure facilities. Based on the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database, this study applies the propensity score matching method to empirically investigate the influence of the infrastructure facilities on the health of the elderly in China. The results show that adding elevators, installing bathing facilities, supplying gas or natural gas, and changing squatting toilets into sitting toilets, positively influence the health of the elderly, but there are some differences. The order of the degree of impact on self-rated health (SRH) was elevator > toilet type > kitchen gas supply > bathing facility, while that of activities of daily living (ADL) was bathing facility > toilet type > elevator > kitchen gas supply. Elderly people with different personal characteristics and family status have different degrees of ownership for the infrastructure facilities. It is suggested that age-friendly regeneration schemes be developed according to the different impacts and demands of the facilities.

Earthquakes have caused tremendous losses worldwide. Though unpredictable, comprehensive assessment of their impact on urban areas can facilitate effectiveness in mitigation strategies. This paper builds a spatial general equilibrium (SCGE) model for Shelby County, Tennessee, an area located in the most active seismic zone in the central and eastern U.S. Starting from the building, lifeline and transportation damages, this paper also develops means by which such damages can be integrated into the SCGE model for prompt effect estimation. Using novel approaches to represent substitution and shifting behaviors intra-regionally within the county, the model estimated a total of loss over $8 billion in domestic supply due to a hypothetical earthquake. Compared with the outcomes from the model without these behaviors, the magnitude of the losses is smaller in the model with these behaviors. This implies the resistance, resourcefulness and flexibility from economic resilience, as the level of physical damages do vary intra-regionally. Interestingly, although the percentage of losses in domestic supply varies almost linearly with the percentage loss in physical damage intra-regionally, the losses in employment are relatively evenly distributed. This also emphasizes the importance of the shifting and substitution behaviors which make the model profoundly spatial.

Researchers discovered that the direct costs associated with meteorological hazards were on the rise across the nation, but there were few investigations into the internal mechanisms. On the basis of 16 years of data from 2003 to 2018, the patterns of tropical cyclone disasters in China were analyzed using a linear regression model, innovative trend, coupling degree, and geo-science analysis. Against the backdrop of rising direct economic losses over time, it has been discovered that large-scale disasters costing more than 30 billion yuan in recent years are the primary causes of the upward trend. Although tropical cyclones have moved northward since 2011, this phenomenon cannot explain the above pattern. Furthermore, this paper conducts a spatiotemporal correlation analysis of tropical cyclones and their impacts in an effort to reveal the evolvement of losses at smaller spatial units, as opposed to previous studies that conducted relatively independent analyses of space or time. It is found that the periodicity in disaster loss variables emerges at provincial level, whereas the national aggregation omits these specifics. Given that the association between frequency and losses lessens, particularly in provinces with medium/low levels of a predetermined disaster intensity index, this paper closes with recommendations for local risk preparation.

Natural disasters can trigger large-scale population displacement, resulting in labor market shocks in destination areas. Nonetheless, important aspects of migration-driven shocks remain unclear, particularly how relative inflow intensity, the spatially concentrated inflow of low-skilled migrants, and industry structure moderate these impacts. Using Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment and a Difference in Difference framework, this study reveals that displacement shock reduces wages in the low-skill localized sector, but this negative impact is heavily characterized by non-linear congestion effects, intensifying sharply from $-0.15 to $-0.27 drop in wage rates when the inflow concentration crosses certain threshold. Decomposing the demand-side channels shows that while the influx stimulates local business creation, this countervailing buffer is economically modest and insufficient to offset the supply-driven wage depression. Furthermore, sectoral mobility and joint wage-setting analyses confirm that low-skill localized and traded industries remain highly segmented in the short run. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for both supply and demand channels, non-linear thresholds, and sectoral frictions to improve regional labor market policies after demographic shocks.