The genus Anisosciadium, belonging to the Apiaceae family, has been traditionally recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, scientific research on this genus is still limited, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacological characteristics. A comprehensive compilation of data was conducted using major databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. In this review, we collected and organized the available information of identified compounds from different species of the genus Anisosciadium, covering the literature from 2003 to 2024. In total, 64 phytoconstituents were detected. The findings suggest that the traditional therapeutic properties of Anisosciadium are well supported by the reported pharmacological activities from previous studies. Notably, these studies highlight its antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects, emphasizing the potential of this genus in the development of new therapeutic agents. Nonetheless, the lack of comparative studies among Anisosciadium species and the scarcity of in vivo studies and clinical trials limit the full realization of its therapeutic potential. Specifically, comparative studies could be crucial in identifying species with unique chemical profiles and understanding how variations in secondary metabolite compositions may influence their pharmacological activities.

Plants are a rich source of active metabolites that have been used to treat inflammation troubles. The current study aimed to identify the analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds in Farsetia aegyptia and Zilla spinosa extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in Wistar rats. Additionally, both central and peripheral analgesic effects were assessed in mice. The anti-lipoxygenase activity was examined through an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay. The phytochemical composition of the bioactive extracts was characterized using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS). The aqueous extracts of both species exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. The F. aegyptia extract showed inhibition percentages of 51.82% at 6.25 mg/kg and 51.14% at 0.78 mg/kg, while the Z. spinosa extract yielded 65.05% inhibition at 12.5 mg/kg and 56.14% at 1.56 mg/kg in the paw and ear edema models, respectively. These extracts also demonstrated significant analgesic activity and inhibited lipoxygenase, with IC₅₀ values of 0.063 mg/mL for F. aegyptia and 0.072 mg/mL for Z. spinosa. HR-LCMS analysis revealed that the main constituent in Fa was malic acid (18.83%), while retronecine (19.03%) was the primary compound in Z. spinosa. Quercetin 3-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] was detected in both extracts with important proportions 7.87% in F. aegyptia and 8.29% in Z. spinosa and displayed the best docking score of −9.2 kcal/mol against the 5-lipoxygenase receptor (PDB: 3V99) in molecular docking studies. Overall, these findings indicate that F. aegyptia and Z. spinosa have significant potential as sources of novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Our study aims to explore the antioxidant and allelopathic effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Anisosciadium lanatum. Antioxidant assays were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching methods. The phytotoxic effect was analyzed against seeds of Triticum aestivum L., Raphanus sativus L., and Lens culinaris L. The in silico study was performed using the Auto Dock 4.2 software package. The aqueous extract exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity with IC₅₀ values of 13 µg/mL, 8 µg/mL, and 50 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS+, and β-carotene bleaching, respectively. This sample had the highest levels of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and total tannin content. The aqueous extract significantly stimulated wheat stems and roots at low concentrations, while it showed significant inhibition at high concentrations. Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, sixty compounds were tentatively identified in the investigated species Anisosciadium lanatum, and based on currently available literature, these compounds have not been previously reported in the Anisosciadium genus. The most abundant compounds based on relative peak areas in the ethanolic sample were 2'',3''-Di-O-p-coumaroylafzelin, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactoside, and procyanidin B6, whereas luteolin 4'-O-glucoside, myricetin 7-rhamnoside, and 3-methylellagic acid 8-rhamnoside showed the highest relative abundances in the aqueous extract. Procyanidin B6 demonstrated the highest binding affinity toward 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, showing a binding energy of -10.6 kcal/mol, while myricetin 7-rhamnoside (-5.4 kcal/mol) exhibited the most favorable binding affinity toward Human peroxiredoxin 5, revealing its prospectivity as a potent inhibitor. Our findings confirm that A. lanatum is a rich source of bioactive molecules with significant antioxidant and allelopathic effects.