The genus Anisosciadium, belonging to the Apiaceae family, has been traditionally recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. However, scientific research on this genus is still limited, highlighting the need for a comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacological characteristics. A comprehensive compilation of data was conducted using major databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. In this review, we collected and organized the available information of identified compounds from different species of the genus Anisosciadium, covering the literature from 2003 to 2024. In total, 64 phytoconstituents were detected. The findings suggest that the traditional therapeutic properties of Anisosciadium are well supported by the reported pharmacological activities from previous studies. Notably, these studies highlight its antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects, emphasizing the potential of this genus in the development of new therapeutic agents. Nonetheless, the lack of comparative studies among Anisosciadium species and the scarcity of in vivo studies and clinical trials limit the full realization of its therapeutic potential. Specifically, comparative studies could be crucial in identifying species with unique chemical profiles and understanding how variations in secondary metabolite compositions may influence their pharmacological activities.

Plants are a rich source of active metabolites that have been used to treat inflammation troubles. The current study aimed to identify the analgesic and anti-inflammatory compounds in Farsetia aegyptia and Zilla spinosa extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the xylene-induced ear edema model in mice and the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in Wistar rats. Additionally, both central and peripheral analgesic effects were assessed in mice. The anti-lipoxygenase activity was examined through an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay. The phytochemical composition of the bioactive extracts was characterized using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS). The aqueous extracts of both species exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. The F. aegyptia extract showed inhibition percentages of 51.82% at 6.25 mg/kg and 51.14% at 0.78 mg/kg, while the Z. spinosa extract yielded 65.05% inhibition at 12.5 mg/kg and 56.14% at 1.56 mg/kg in the paw and ear edema models, respectively. These extracts also demonstrated significant analgesic activity and inhibited lipoxygenase, with IC₅₀ values of 0.063 mg/mL for F. aegyptia and 0.072 mg/mL for Z. spinosa. HR-LCMS analysis revealed that the main constituent in Fa was malic acid (18.83%), while retronecine (19.03%) was the primary compound in Z. spinosa. Quercetin 3-[rhamnosyl-(1->2)-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-glucoside] was detected in both extracts with important proportions 7.87% in F. aegyptia and 8.29% in Z. spinosa and displayed the best docking score of −9.2 kcal/mol against the 5-lipoxygenase receptor (PDB: 3V99) in molecular docking studies. Overall, these findings indicate that F. aegyptia and Z. spinosa have significant potential as sources of novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Background/Objectives: This study characterized an ethanol-eluted, semi-purified fraction (F4) from Myrtus communis L. leaves and compared its anti-inflammatory activity in free and nanoemulsified forms. Methods: F4 was obtained by C8 fractionation, examined by colorimetric assays, targeted LC–MS (SIM) and COX-2 docking, and incorporated into an oil-in-water nanoemulsion. Oral activity at 200 and 400 mg/kg was assessed in male Wistar rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema (seven groups; n = 6/group). The primary endpoint was the individual area under the curve (AUC) of edema over 1–5 h. Results: Targeted LC–MS tentatively annotated ten compounds. The total phenolic content of F4 was 186.75 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g, and apigenin had the most favorable predicted COX-2 docking score (−8.1 kcal/mol). The nanoemulsion measured 119.07 ± 16.28 nm on day 0 and showed no phase separation under stress tests. Free F4 and F4 nanoemulsion (F4 NE) reduced AUC versus the inflamed control, and F4 NE reduced AUC versus the blank nanoemulsion (Holm-adjusted p < 0.0001). Compared with free F4, nanoemulsification decreased mean AUC by 37.7% and 42.9% at 200 and 400 mg/kg (Holm-adjusted p = 0.0362 for both comparisons). After baseline adjustment, the difference persisted at 400 mg/kg (−2.94 mL·h; 95% CI −5.16 to −0.72; Holm-adjusted p = 0.0304) but not at 200 mg/kg (−1.61 mL·h; 95% CI −4.27 to 1.06; Holm-adjusted p = 0.2053). Conclusions: Orally administered F4 had anti-inflammatory activity, and nanoemulsification produced improved anti-inflammatory efficacy under the tested conditions, as shown by the lower cumulative edema. Bioavailability was not assessed; pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine whether it underlies this effect.