Embracing innovative vehicle technology in the transportation sector provides constructive solutions to the rising pollution levels and global warming. Developing Electric Vehicles (EV) with market competency, deploying standardized charging infrastructure in sufficient numbers, and government promotional policies all impact EV adoption and help reduce tail pipe emissions. To determine the key hurdles to EV adoption that still exist in today’s market, the comparison between the most preferred EV and the Conventionally Propelled Vehicle (CPV) is deliberated under various parameters like vehicle class, type, specification, performance, pricing etc. The research assessed the countries with the most CPV (China, the USA, Japan, Germany, and India), as well as the expertise and experience of the country (Norway) that pioneered the EV industry, to discover the key policies that will help accelerate EV adoption in their respective regions. Significant findings within the local market and across markets belonging to the countries of concern and research recommendations addressing the issues have been discussed as a result of the study conducted with data obtained from the vehicle manufacturer’s website, government statistical institutes, and other affiliated survey organizations, as well as technical reports published online. These qualitative and quantitative findings and recommendations will aid in the creation of EV and charging station designs, as well as the formulation of strategies aimed at generating more cost-effective EV designs that take into account local usage patterns, car kinds, and performance. It also assists legislators in their efforts to streamline EV policy. Consideration of these issues aids in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

The super‐lift technique is an exceptional contribution to DC–DC conversion technology. A replacement approach of symmetrical super‐lift multilevel inverter (SLMLI) DC/AC technology is proposed with a reduced number of elements compared with the traditional multilevel inverter. In this method, the firefly algorithm conveys a leading task for the SLMLI topology for solar‐photovoltaic applications. It generates low distortion output and consumes the harmonic band of the fast Fourier transform framework by the employment of the proposed algorithm. The simulation circuit for 15 levels output uses single switch super‐lift inverter feed with different kinds of load (R, RL and RLE) conditions. The power quality is improved in SLMLI with minimised harmonics underneath the various modulation indices while varied from 0.1 up to 0.8. The circuit is designed in a field‐programmable gate array, which includes the firefly rule to help the multilevel output, to reduce the lower order harmonics and to find the best switching angle. As a result, the minimum total harmonic distortion from the simulation and hardware circuit is achieved. Due to the absence of bulky switches, inductor and filter elements expose the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural polymers with excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, flexibility, and renewable source. Regenerated cellulose (RC) products result from the dissolution-regeneration process risen from solvent and anti-solvent reagents, respectively. The regeneration process changes the cellulose chain conformation from cellulose I to cellulose II, leads the structure to have more amorphous regions with improved crystallinity, and inclines towards extensive modification on the RC products such as hydrogel, aerogel, cryogel, xerogel, fibers, membrane, and thin film. Recently, RC products are accentuated to be used in the agriculture field to develop future sustainable agriculture as alternatives to conventional agriculture systems. However, different solvent types and production techniques have great influences on the end properties of RC products. Besides, the fabrication of RC products from solely RC lacks excellent mechanical characteristics. Thus, the flexibility of RC has allowed it to be homogenously blended with other materials to enhance the final products’ properties. This review will summarize the properties and preparation of potential RC-based products that reflect its application to replace soil the plantation medium, govern the release of the fertilizer, provide protection on crops and act as biosensors.

The design of control circuit for a solar fed cascaded multilevel inverter to reduce the number of semiconductor switches is presented in this study. The design includes ‘binary’, ‘trinary’ and ‘modified multilevel connection’ (MMC)‐based topologies suitable for varying input sources from solar photovoltaic's (PV). In binary mode, output voltage levels are obtained where N _s is the number of individual inverters. This is achieved by digital logic functions which includes counters, flip‐flops and logic gates. In trinary mode, 3 ^Ns levels are achieved by corresponding look‐up table. MMC intends design in both control and power circuits to provide corresponding output voltage levels by appropriate switching sequences. Hence to obtain a 15‐level inverter, the conventional method requires 28 switches and in binary mode 12 switches are needed. In trinary mode with the same 12 switches, 27 levels can be obtained whereas in MMC only 7 switches are employed to achieve 15 levels. The advantage of these three designs is in the reduction of total harmonic distortion by increasing the levels. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and comparisons were made. All the three topologies are experimentally investigated for a 3 kWp solar PV plant and power quality indices were measured.

The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.