Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in recent years due to their simple manufacturing process, low cost, and high efficiency. So far, all efficient organic-inorganic halide PSCs are mainly made of polycrystalline perovskite films. There are transmission barriers and high-density defects on the surface, interface, and grain boundary of the films. Among them, the deep-level traps caused by specific charged defects are the main non-radiative recombination centers, which is the most important factor in limiting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs devices to the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) theoretical efficiency limit. Therefore, it is imperative to select appropriate passivation materials and passivation strategies to effectively eliminate defects in perovskite films to improve their photovoltaic performance and stability. There are various passivation strategies for different components of PSCs, including interface engineering, additive engineering, antisolvent engineering, dopant engineering, etc. In this review, we summarize a large number of defect passivation work to illustrate the latest progress of different types of passivators in regulating the morphology, grain boundary, grain size, charge recombination, and defect density of states of perovskite films. In addition, we discuss the inherent defects of key materials in carrier transporting layers and the corresponding passivation strategies to further optimize PSCs components. Finally, some perspectives on the opportunities and challenges of PSCs in future development are highlighted.

While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 26.1%, significant challenges remain in enhancing their efficiency and stability for commercial viability.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been rapidly developed in recent years due to their excellent photovoltaic performance, which has been actively promoted by many researchers. However, interfacial non-radiative compounding hinders further improvement of their device performance. Buried interface modification strategies can minimize the non-radiative compounding within the interface, resulting in highly efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of multiple classes of materials applied to buried interface engineering for the preparation of highly efficient and stable PSCs, including the development of organic, inorganic, and polymeric materials. The important role of buried interfaces in regulating energy alignment, passivating surface defects, modulating morphology, etc. have been discussed. Furthermore, we propose strategies to reduce nonradiative composites at interfaces. Finally, potential developments and challenges of buried interfaces for high performance stabilized PSCs are presented.

This paper systematically reviews the material systems and key functions of ICLs in tandem perovskite solar cells, which build a systematic theoretical framework for ICL research.