An overview of the prospects for the development of nuclear technologies and the conclusion of the relevant requirements for advanced structural materials, their classification and features were performed. In order to obtain a bar with a modified radiation-resistant outer layer, an experiment of radial-shear rolling under the most stringent conditions was carried out. For the same conditions, a FEM-simulation of sequential rolling in eight passes with a total compression of 70.7% (from a diameter of 37 mm to 20 mm) was conducted. For adequate simulation results a new material database for Zr-1%Nb alloy using plastometry investigations was generated. An experimental obtaining of a gradient-modified structure with an ultrafine-grained (UFG) periphery and an elongated rolling texture in the center of the bar was performed.

In the development of new technology forming the ultimate goal is increasing of productivity, expansion of range, creating a compact production, capable of rapid reconfiguration for mobile release of the new product. But the main purpose, of course, is improvement the quality of the source material. When used as a raw material of various grades of steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys, the main aspect of quality improvement is increasing the strength characteristics. Often to increase the strength of deformable metal should be given reduced grain structure, up to subultra and even nano-level. There are several ways to obtain sub-ultra-fine-grain structure of metals and alloys, and one of those ways is a method of severe plastic deformation of the metal, implemented in the whole volume of the deformable metal.On the department "Plastic Metal Working" of Karaganda State Industrial University was previously developed and proposed a new method of combined rolling and pressing in equal-channel step die, which compared to conventional compression in the traditional equal-channel step die ensures the continuity of the process and removes the restrictions on the size of the original pieces. The essence of the method is that workpiece which is pre-heated to a temperature of the beginning of deformation is applied to the forming rolls, which due to contact friction forces captured it in roll gap and pushed through the channels of equal- channel step die. At the exit from the die installed a second pair of rolls, which pulls the workpiece from the die.In the research of the process were made theoretical studies, after which were received the empirical formulas to determine the rolling force in the rolls and pressing force in the matrix. Also were obtained formulas for the kinematic state of the process.Also conducted a simulation of the process in the software package Deform-3D, in which produced the picture of stress - strain state and analyzed the resulting force.In this work, laboratory studies were performed of the combined process. In particular, a laboratory experiment was conducted to implement the combined process of "rolling-compaction", whose main purpose was to research the effect of the scheme on the deformation changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the original pieces, made of aluminum alloy AK6.Research of the mechanical properties and microstructure of deformed aluminum billet by this way was found that the implementation of the combined process of "rolling-compression" increases strength properties of aluminum, and reduced plastic properties, and the original grain during deformation is reduced.

The work is devoted to the problem of quantitative evaluation of the microstructure on the example of work with the TEM study of ultrafine-grained (UFG) austenitic steel for use in nuclear power. The material was obtained by radial-shear rolling and has different features of the structural structure of the cross section (from the periphery to the center), which makes it relevant to the correct assessment of the microstructure, taking into account all the features. This is difficult to do correctly, using only existing simple methods (average grain size, degree of grain misalignment, phase ratio) and most importantly, the results can not always be compared with each other. For a more objective and unambiguous assessment of different types of microstructure, a new qualimetric technique for quantitative quality analysis was developed. The new technique made it possible to make a more correct comparison of changes in the quality of the rod microstructure and to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology. According to the assessment, the greatest improvement is experienced by the central zone of the bar, from 0.13 to 0.43, that is, more than 3 times. At the same time, the quality growth of the peripheral region is low (only 1.29 times) and tends to slow down. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the degree of deformation there is no further refinement of the structure, but only improves its shape, becoming more uniform, as also evidenced by the values of the mean square deviation, showing the minimum spread of values. The resulting methodology for the qualimetric evaluation of quality can be used to create free open of image processing algorithms (e.g. MathLab), and for commercial products for quantitative metallographic analysis.

The aim of this work is to study the influences of the combined process of “rolling-pressing” on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper billets. Laboratory studies were performed of the combined process. In particular, a laboratory experiment was conducted to implement the combined process of “rolling-pressing”, whose main purpose was to research the effect of the scheme on the deformation changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the original workpieces, made of copper alloy M1. Research of the mechanical properties and microstructure of deformed copper billet by this means found that the implementation of the combined process of “rolling-pressing” increases strength properties of copper, and reduced plastic properties, and the original grain during deformation is reduced