Transplant renal vein thrombosis usually occurs early after surgery with a reported prevalence of 0.1% to 4.2%. It is a devastating event that ultimately leads to graft loss in almost all cases. There are many predisposing factors related to donor, recipient, surgery, and immunosuppression, with mechanical factors being considered the most common causes of transplant renal vein thrombosis. The clinical manifestations of acute renal vein thrombosis are nonspecific and are not dissimilar to the features of urine leak, urinary obstruction, or severe acute rejection. The diagnosis of transplant renal vein thrombosis depends on a high index of clinical suspicion and duplex ultrasonographic scans. Although venography remains the criterion standard, this procedure is invasive and nephrotoxic, due to use of ionizing contrast agents and also due to exposure to ionizing radiation. There are 2 therapies that have been described in the literature for salvaging a renal allograft with transplant renal vein thrombosis: thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. The usual end result is renal allograft.

Background and Aim: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major determinant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Altered microRNA levels lead to serious chronic diseases, such as diabetes. We aimed to measure the expression levels of two microRNAs, microRNA126 and 192 in DN and investigate their connection with albuminuria levels. Methods: This study included 229 subjects (134 DN patients and 95 controls). Serum lipid profiles, glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and renal functions were assayed. The microRNA126 and microRNA192 expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Results: Patients with DN had higher weights, BMI values, glucose levels (p<0.001), HbA1c levels (p<0.001), urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) values (p<0.001), urea levels (P=0.002), and creatinine levels (P=0.004) and lower expression levels of both microRNA192 (p<0.001) and microRNA126 (p<0.001) than controls. MicroRNA126 expression was positively correlated with age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and microRNA192 expression but negatively correlated with blood sugar, HbA1c, urea, creatinine and ACR. MicroRNA192 had higher sensitivity (91%), specificity (94%), and area under the curve (AUC) (0.967) values than microRNA126 (sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 68%; AUC, 0.897) and thus can precisely diagnose DN. Conclusion: Both MicroRNA126 and microRNA192 expression were obviously associated with DN and might determine the progression of the disease owing to prominent relation with macroalbuminuria.

J Indian Prosthodont Soc, Official publication of Indian Prosthodontic Society

Introduction End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has a major health impact worldwide. Hemodialysis (HD) is the basic renal replacement therapy in our country. In Egypt, like other developing countries, there is no electronic data system that permits simple measurable examination and assurance of the span of the issue for future plans. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ESKD patients on HD in Menoufia governorate, Egypt, as well as the clinical characteristics of such patients to make a core for national data registry. Patients and methods A questionnaire was conducted on ESKD patients on regular HD focusing on demographic data and clinical characteristics of the dialysis population, including smoking history, causes of ESKD, virology status, vascular access, blood transfusion, hemoglobin level, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone. Results The prevalence rate of ESKD in Menoufia governorate was 483 patients per million populations. The mean age was 53.18±13.26 years [the highest proportion of patients (36.6%) was aged between 50 and 60 years]; there were 61.6% male and 38.4% female patients. The mean duration of dialysis was 3.78±3.372 years. The main causes of ESKD were hypertension (33.4%) and diabetic nephropathy (9.2%), and the unknown etiology accounted for 32.9% of all causes of ESKD. The prevalence of hepatitis C and B was found to be 42 and 2%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (seroconversion was 7.9%). Conclusion In Menoufia governorate, the prevalence of ESKD patients on regular HD is steadily increasing than that previously reported, especially among older patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the most commonly accounted causes of ESKD, whereas undetermined etiology accounted for 32.9%. Hepatitis C infection and seroconversion among dialysis patients have been reduced.