Stem cells’ self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation are regulated by a complex network consisting of signaling factors, chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Diverse role of ncRNAs in stem cell development and maintenance of bone homeostasis have been discovered recently. The ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, circular RNAs, small interfering RNA, Piwi-interacting RNAs, etc., are not translated into proteins but act as essential epigenetic regulators in stem cells’ self-renewal and differentiation. Different signaling pathways are monitored efficiently by the differential expression of ncRNAs, which function as regulatory elements in determining the fate of stem cells. In addition, several species of ncRNAs could serve as potential molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis of bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancers, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the specific roles of ncRNAs and their effective molecular mechanisms in the growth and development of stem cells, and in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Furthermore, we focus on and explore the association of altered ncRNA expression with stem cells and bone turnover.

The modern technology has changed the life of human being. Rapidly changing technology develops many kind of development approaches and products which makes the life easier and comfortable but they have also a negative impact on human beings as well as on the environment, In this paper a green wall rating methodology is being introduced. The protocols used in this rating methodology, a developer can rate any product or process well in terms of sustainability. Further green wall rating (GWR) can be measured with the help of sustainable development qualities. About the essential qualities for sustainable development has been discussed in our earlier publication (Srivastava, et. al., 2014). On the basis of conceptual hypothesis the practical value of GWR has to be set between 2.00 to 4.00 units. For being a sustainable process or product it must contains at least 2.00 green wall rating.

Cellular phone radiates an average power of 0.2-0.6 watts when it is operated very close to the head. And background levels are sharply imprecise, with approx. 40-50 percent of radiated phone energy absorbed into the brain. To assess the spontaneous locomotors activity (SLA) of the mice brain after the acute exposure of cellular telephone (GSM900MHz) is the major objective of our study.10 mice of the 30 days old (average weight 30gm) were grouped as control and EMR and they were habitualised for one week prior to start the experiment in well designed circular cell phone exposure (CCPE) cage. In the cage, cellular phone was placed in the center and mice were allowed to move around the device within 10 cm. radius. 3 hours/day exposure was applied to the mice of EMR group by the cellular phone in CCPE cage. The exposure to GSM900MHz EMR from CP in rats caused a decrease in total distance travelled (12%), moving time (23%), rearing (25%) and an increase in time resting (10%) as compared to rats in the control group. Simultaneous without GSM900MHz EMR from CP in rats increased the total distance travelled (9%), moving time (4%) and rearing (6%) and decreased the resting time (1%) as compared to rats exposed with GSM900MHz EMR. Although distance travelled, moving time and rearing decreased in the sham group compared with controls; these parameters remained decreased as compared to sham group. No significant changes on any of these parameters were observed in rats exposed to GSM900 EMR as compared to controls.