Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to proliferate and produce tumor biomass under a nutrient-deficient microenvironment and the stress of metabolic waste. A cancer cell adeptly undergoes a variety of adaptations in metabolic pathways and differential expression of metabolic enzyme genes. Metabolic adaptation is mainly determined by the physiological demands of the cancer cell of origin and the host tissue. Numerous metabolic regulators that assist cancer cell proliferation include uncontrolled anabolism/catabolism of glucose metabolism, fatty acids, amino acids metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, tumor suppressor genes, microRNAs, and many regulatory enzymes and genes. Using this paradigm, we review the current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in tumors and discuss the new strategies of cancer metabolomics that can be tapped into for cancer therapeutics.

Stem cells’ self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation are regulated by a complex network consisting of signaling factors, chromatin regulators, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Diverse role of ncRNAs in stem cell development and maintenance of bone homeostasis have been discovered recently. The ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs, micro RNAs, circular RNAs, small interfering RNA, Piwi-interacting RNAs, etc., are not translated into proteins but act as essential epigenetic regulators in stem cells’ self-renewal and differentiation. Different signaling pathways are monitored efficiently by the differential expression of ncRNAs, which function as regulatory elements in determining the fate of stem cells. In addition, several species of ncRNAs could serve as potential molecular biomarkers in early diagnosis of bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and bone cancers, ultimately leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review aims to explore the specific roles of ncRNAs and their effective molecular mechanisms in the growth and development of stem cells, and in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. Furthermore, we focus on and explore the association of altered ncRNA expression with stem cells and bone turnover.

Experiments in the laboratory documented vertical and venereal transmission of Chandipura virus (CHPV) in Aedes aegypti (L.). The minimum filial infection rate among the progeny of infected females was 1.2%; the rate among male and female progeny was 0.9 and 1.4%, respectively. The venereal infection rate of CHPV among inseminated females was 32.7%. Our study indicates the possible occurrence of vertical and venereal transmission of CHPV in insect vectors.

Around 75% of the population in India is engaged in agriculture and farming. The sustainability of every economy is based on agriculture. It has a major influence on financial growth and fundamental transformation in the long run. Artificial intelligence will usher in a revolution in agricultural operations in the future. This revolution has protected crops from being negatively affected by a variety of factors such as climate change, soil porosity, and water availability. Crop monitoring, soil management, and insect identification, to name a few examples, are all conceivable uses of artificial intelligence in agriculture. The primary purpose of artificial intelligence is to close the knowledge gap that exists between inventors and farmers. Detecting disease and monitoring plant health are two of the most difficult challenges in sustainable farming. As a result, image processing technology must be used to detect plant sickness at an early stage. Photographic capture, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and sickness categorization are all part of the procedure. In reality, computer image processing was used long before human eyes were able to detect the signs and symptoms of the disease. Taking into account the climatic conditions in various parts of the world. Climate change directly affects crop output. Several soil and atmospheric characteristics are detected to anticipate the optimal crop. Sedimentation is measured by soil parameters such as pH and moisture. Today, a platform that allows farmers to advertise their products is in high demand. This paper proposes a system where farmers sell directly to clients, bypassing wholesalers and traders. A predictive analytics solution is required to maximize the farmer’s profit.

A pair of L-shaped slot loaded rectangular patch antenna is analysed by using circuit theory concept which exhibits dual resonance behaviour. Two resonance frequencies are at 2.45 GHz and 5.125 GHz (experimental 2.44 GHz and 5.12 GHz, simulated 2.48 GHz and 5.2 GHz). The -10 dB bandwidth of lower and upper resonance frequency is 4.13 % (experimental 3.4 %, simulated 3.51 %) and 8.82 % (experimental 8.79 %, simulated 8.78 %) respectively. The frequency ratio of the antenna for a given dimension of L-slot is found to be 2.092 (experimental 2.098, simulated 2.097). The theoretical results are compared with the simulated results obtained from IE3D which are in close agreement.

Background: In India, nicotine addiction causes a huge socio-economic burden, mortality, and morbidity. Chronic intake develops a variety of symptoms and life-long medical complications. The study aims to examine the nicotine-induced effects on cellular oxidative stress and psychological stress and its correlations with homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in nicotine-addicted respondents. Methods & Results: Nicotine-induced psychological stress was assessed through perceived stress scales (PSS) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) scales and oxidative stress was estimated through the markers- Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase. We found significantly higher (p=0.0001) perceived stress (PS) with diminished CSE in addicted respondents whereas low PS with significantly increased (p=0.0001) CSE were observed in non-addicted. In erythrocytes (RBCs), MDA content was found significantly increased (p=0.0006) in the nicotine-addicted group that may cause oxidative damage. SOD activity was significantly decreased (p=0.0001) in the addicted group. Similarly, plasma Catalase activity was also decreased (p=0.02). Nicotine intake influences Hcy concentration, by 55%, 27.5%, and 7.5% in addicted respondents categorized as moderate, intermediate, and severe Hcy categories. Conclusions: The minimal short-term nicotine consumption has the antioxidant role that promotes positive stimulus on memory and triggers executive functions but the same gets impaired and mitigated on chronic exposure. Chronic nicotine consumption induces oxidative stress and perceived psychological stress as well as influences the Homocysteine concentration in the addicted individuals. Higher oxidative stress impairs cellular defensive mechanisms and causes the risk for severe damage to cells and tissues.