Cities worldwide are experiencing rapid urbanization and an increasing population, creating a pressing need for smart infrastructure to enhance citizen services. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces similar technological and socio-economic challenges, making it crucial to transform it into a sustainable smart city. This research analyzes the opportunities and challenges of smart cities and Dhaka through SWOT and PESTEL analyses. The study employs a fuzzy rule-based inference system in a MATLAB simulation to calculate the smart city index based on parameters such as governance, transportation, waste management, utility management, healthcare, and industrial automation. The findings reveal that good governance has the highest impact on the smart city index, followed by transportation. The paper proposes a sustainable smart city transportation framework and management technique, outlining future research directions. The proposed framework is expected to impact socio-economic, technological, and environmental aspects positively.

Pantograph arc is one of the most common and yet unavoidable difficulties in electrified railways. During winter the intensity of arcing increases due to ice layer on the overhead catenary wire. In AC traction system, the sinusoidal waveforms of the supply voltage and current distort due to pantograph arcing. It generates both conducted and radiated emission in a wide band. Both the DC component and higher order conducted and radiated emission increases with line speed. The amplitude of the DC voltage shows a wide variation concerning train speed, applied voltage, type of electrical load, the gap between the contact wire and the pantograph and current. In this paper, pantograph arcing and its effects on the railway vehicles are described. Sliding contact between the pantograph contact strips and the catenary contact wire is illustrated with the emphasis on the pantograph arcing. Arc characteristics, formation methods, extinction and resignation of the arc are studied. This paper presents a comprehensive review on pantograph arcing and its effects near radio-based mobile communications and other signaling instruments and some other related areas.

The mobile communication network cuts 0.5 percent of today’s global energy consumption. Among all other constrains, energy is the most critical concern to deploy any communication network. The demand of power for wireless networks increases dramatically. By applying three novel approaches, we can minimize the power consumption of 4G wireless networks such as optimal power scheduling (OPS) for base stations, packet delay scheduling (PDS) and sleep mode for variable traffic density (SMVTD). This paper presents energy consumption issues over the 4G wireless network and its associated constraints such as finding the optimal radio base stations to reduce the energy and cost for the entire system. Within same network coverage area if we optimize the number of base stations, then it will be a hallmark to minimize the energy cost. We have considered the various element concerning the 4G network and responsible parameters for energy consumption. We also studied the different mode of variable traffic density in 4G network.