It is very important to enhance the risk resistance of the agricultural sector to realize the modernization transformation of the agricultural industry and strengthen the competitiveness of national agriculture. Based on the relevant spatial data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2013 to 2022, this study constructs a multi-dimensional index framework to comprehensively evaluate the resilience of China’s agricultural economy by comprehensively considering the three key aspects of adaptability, management strategy, and innovation drive. This study adopts several quantitative analysis tools including the Theil index, global and local analysis of the Moran I index, and kernel density estimation (KDE), and further combines with the spatial Durbin model (SDM) to conduct an in-depth spatiotemporal analysis of the resilience of China’s agricultural economy. This study not only reveals the evolution trend of agricultural economic resilience in different times and spaces but also analyzes the differences in resilience among regions and its spread in space. Through these refined analytical tools, we aim to reveal how agricultural economic resilience changes over time, the differences in resilience levels among regions, and the geospatial interactions and diffusion. This study reveals a series of key findings: (1) The resilience of China’s agricultural economy shows a trend of steady improvement. (2) Differences within the three regions are the main factors generating differences in the development of resilience in China’s agricultural economy. (3) The resilience of the agricultural economy in different regions shows obvious spatial correlations. (4) Further analysis shows that the efficiency of agricultural production and the urbanization process have a positive direct impact on the resilience of the agricultural economy, and this impact has a significant positive spatial diffusion effect. Meanwhile, although the level of agricultural mechanization is not significant in its direct impact, it has a positive spatial impact on the enhancement of agricultural economic resilience in other regions. In addition, the restructuring of agricultural cropping has both direct negative impacts and positive spatial spillover effects on the resilience of the agricultural economy. Based on these findings, this paper suggests that agricultural policies should consider regional development differences, implement differentiated agricultural support policies, fully account for the spatial spillover effects of agricultural ecological efficiency, and strengthen the exchange and cooperation of resources between regions. This study deepens the understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the resilience of China’s agricultural economy, reveals its inherent dynamic processes and spatial interactions, and provides valuable references for policymakers and practitioners to better cope with the various challenges encountered in agricultural production, and to jointly promote the sound development of China’s agricultural economy.

Drought stress caused a significant threat to apple growth and production. Although there is an increasing studies concerning the molecular mechanism in apple response to drought, most of these studies focus on the leaves. However, the roots is the first organism to sense the drought signal and play important role in drought response. The molecular mechanisms underlying the apple roots in response to drought needs to be further explored. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of roots from drought-resistant (Malus prunifolia) and drought-susceptible (Malus hupehensis) apple genotypes under different soil water contents with 60% (control), 30% (mild drought), 10% (moderate drought), and 5% (severe drought). The further Mapman pathways analysis showed that Malus prunifolia exhibited more rapid activation of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis (NCED, PYL) and signaling pathway, as well as the induction of transcription factors (NAC, WRKY, MYB) compare to Malus prunifolia under mild and moderate drought treatments. This might be one of the reasons why Malus prunifolia exhibits greater drought resistance. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was adopted for the identification of core drought-responsive genes. Notably, three hub genes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 32 (UBC32), basic leucine-zipper 4 (bZIP4), and highly ABA-induced PP2C gene 2 (HAI2), were selected from the different modules, suggesting their vital roles in drought response. Taken together, our results gain insights into the global expression alterations in drought-resistance and susceptible germplasms under different drought conditions and identify some key genes involved in drought response, which is helpful for drought-resistant apple breeding in future.

Nonthermal air plasma, which can be generated by air discharge, contains large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and high-energy particles. The ROS and RNS have strong oxidizing properties, and the high-energy particles can break chemical bonds in organic compounds, a process which can be used to degrade organic matter such as pesticides. In the present study, the effects of nonthermal air plasma on the degradation of several pesticides were investigated. An air plasma processing system was designed and constructed to produce nonthermal air plasma and to degrade five commonly used acaricides, namely, avermectin, bifenazate, spirodiclofen, etoxazole, and lufenuron, during the production of kumquat cuimi. The experimental results showed that nonthermal air plasma could degrade all the acaricides on the surface of the kumquat cuimi effectively. After 20 min of plasma treatment, the residues of avermectin, bifenazate, spirodiclofen, etoxazole and lufenuron on the surface of the kumquat cuimi were reduced by 80.67%, 79.52%, 62.40%, 48.93% and 23.11%, respectively. Further analysis indicated that the primary chemical bonds, hydrophobicity, and the pH value of the plasma-activated water can all affect the efficiency of pesticide degradation.

Cropland resilience is the ability of cropland systems to adapt and rebound from multiple stresses and disturbances. Cropland resilience is vital for ensuring national food security, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and adapting to global climate change. This study measures cropland resilience in China using the entropy method within the PSR framework. Additionally, it employs quantitative analysis methods, including kernel density estimation, the standard deviation ellipse, the Theil Index, and the geographical detector, to systematically examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of cropland resilience and its driving factors in China. The findings reveal the evolving trends of cropland resilience over time and space, highlighting regional differences and the spatial distribution of resilience. The study found the following: (1) The overall cropland resilience in China shows an upward trend, but there is uneven development among regions, particularly in the relatively lagging western areas. (2) There is a notable spatial imbalance in cropland resilience, primarily driven by intra-regional differences. (3) Stability of Grain Production; Total Grain Production; Fiscal Expenditure on Agriculture, Forestry, and Water; Soil–Water Harmony; and the Cropland Disaster Resistance Index are identified as key driving factors, with the influence of the Cropland Disaster Resistance Index notably increasing over time. (4) The study highlights the critical role of synergistic effects among these factors in enhancing cropland resilience, noting a significant strengthening of these synergies over time. The research results offer a fresh perspective on the role of cropland resilience in dynamic environments. They enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of cropland resilience, reveal its underlying dynamic processes, and provide a scientific basis for policymaking aimed at promoting the sustainable use and management of cropland.

In order to solve the control of the degree of anti-occlusion of the roadside landscape of the expressway curve according to the drivers’ visual characteristics during high-speed driving, a dynamic space model of the visual process of curved highway roadside landscape was established, and the calculation equation of roadside landscape visual field was derived. The dynamic occlusion ratio was defined by space coordinates, and the judgment model was proposed for the de-occlusion of the roadside landscape visual field. According to the standard design parameters of the G4 Highway Hunan section, the occlusion laws were analyzed by MATLAB for different widths and different heights of obstructions as well as the same widths and heights of obstructions at different positions in the roadside landscape visual field, thus the control value and control content of anti-occlusion clearance for the roadside landscapes were proposed. The results show that the anti-occlusion clearance control range of the roadside landscape is 270 m at the design speed of 120 km/h, 220 m at 100 km/h, and 170 m at 80 km/h. The control value of clearance width is 25 m, and the control value of clearance height is recommended to be 20 m. Within the scope of highway land expropriation, it is recommended to land expropriation 25 m wide from the road boundary. The research provides model support for building the closeness and openness of highway roadside landscape.