The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in medicine and healthcare has been extensively explored across various areas. AI and ML can revolutionize cardiovascular disease management by significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy, disease prediction, workflow optimization, and resource utilization. This review summarizes current advancements in AI and ML concerning cardiovascular disease, including their clinical investigation and use in primary cardiac imaging techniques, common cardiovascular disease categories, clinical research, patient care, and outcome prediction. We analyze and discuss commonly used AI and ML models, algorithms, and methodologies, highlighting their roles in improving clinical outcomes while addressing current limitations and future clinical applications. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of AI and ML in cardiovascular practice by improving clinical decision making, reducing human error, enhancing patient monitoring and support, and creating more efficient healthcare workflows for complex cardiovascular conditions.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of receptors on cell membranes that regulate various biological processes in cells, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and metabolism, by interacting with G proteins. However, the role of G protein-coupled receptors in predicting the prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma is still unknown. The transcriptome data and clinical profiles of renal clear cell carcinoma patients, were downloaded from TCGA databases, and the validation group data were downloaded from number GSE167573, including 63 tumor samples and 14 normal samples. Single-cell RNA sequencing data were downloaded from the GEO database, No. GSE152938 and selected samples were used for GSEA enrichment analysis, WGCNA subgroup analysis, single-cell data analysis, and mutation analysis to explore the role of G protein-coupled receptor-related genes in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma and to verify their reliability with cellular experiments. Finally, this study establishes a disease model based on G protein-coupled receptor-related genes, which may help to propose targeted therapeutic regimens in different strata of renal cell carcinoma patients.Author names: Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author: Given name [Lisa Jia] Last name [Tran].It's ok!

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), capable of directing T cells to kill specific cancer cells by transiently binding the two cell types, have emerged as one class of promising cancer immunotherapies. However, their wide clinical application might be hampered by two deficiencies: high cost and inconvenience in drug administration. This study presents concept-proving data that these problems could be bypassed by using an enhanced nonviral DNA vector minicircle (MC) to produce BsAb in vivo. It was found that the anti-CD3/CD20 produced from the minicircle (MC.CD20) could effectively mediate the T-cell killing of multiple CD20-positive human B-cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro. More importantly, it was demonstrated that delivery of 5 μg of MC.CD20 to mouse liver via hydrodynamic injection resulted in both the expression of a therapeutic level of anti-CD3/CD20 throughout the 32-day experiment and effective anticancer activity in a B-cell lymphoma xenograft mouse model. The data suggest that MC encoding the BsAbs may become an attractive cancer immunotherapy modality based on its excellent features of safety, efficacy, and convenience in both preparation and use, and its affordability once the delivery technology matures.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate potential associations between body fat composition and postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatectomy or liver transplantation. Methods: Three online databases, including Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, were thoroughly searched for literature describing the relationship between body fat composition and outcomes of patients with liver surgery from the start of each database to 29 October 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to rate the quality of the studies. Results: This analysis included a total of 29 articles with a combined patient cohort of 6435 individuals. The results demonstrated that patients with high intramuscular fat content (IMFC) had significantly inferior overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR): 2.07, 95% CI: 1.69–2.53, P <0.001] and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.20–2.16, P =0.002) and a higher risk of major complications (HR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.59–3.05, P <0.001). We also found that the presence of high visceral-to-subcutaneous fat tissue ratio (VSR) in patients with liver surgery was significantly related to poorer OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.44–2.00, P <0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11–1.50, P =0.001) and a higher major complication rate (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.17–4.56, P =0.016). Besides, the synthesized findings indicated there is no significant correlation between visceral fat tissue and survival outcomes or postoperative complications. Conclusion: In summary, preoperative IMFC and VSR have the potential to forecast poorer OS and RFS and a higher risk of complications for patients undergoing hepatectomy or liver transplantation.

To investigate the abnormalities of iron metabolism, the prevalence and risk factors of iron overload and clinical characteristics of patients with aplastic anemia (AA). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 520 newly diagnosed AA patients. Iron overload was observed in 66(13%) of 520 AA patients,in which a higher prevalence of iron overload was seen not only in patients with infections(19/86, 22%)than those without infections (47/434, 11%, P0.05). Excluded the patients with infections and/or HAAA, 43 of 405(11%)cases had iron overload, including 14 of 248(6%) cases without history of blood transfusion and 29 of 157 patients (18%, P<0.01) with transfusion. In univariate analysis, higher levels of serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI) and transferrin saturation (TS) were mainly observed in adult male patients with severe AA (SAA) and significantly upward with increasing blood transfusion (P<0.01). No differences of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were observed between adults and children, males and females, hepatitis and idiopathic AA. However, patients with infections had significantly lower level of sTfR (0.50 mg/L) than cases without infections (0.79 mg/L, P<0.01). The level of sTfR in SAA patients (0.70 mg/L) was only half of that in non-SAA (NSAA) (1.36 mg/L, P<0.01). Patients with increasing blood transfusion had significantly downward levels of sTfR (P<0.01). In multivariate analysis, more than 8 U blood transfusion (OR=10.52, P<0.01), adults (OR=3.48, P<0.01), males (OR=3.32, P<0.01) and infections (OR=2.09, P<0.01) were independent risk factors. AA patients had higher iron burden and were high-risk populations occurring iron overload. The iron overload occurred in 18% of patients with blood transfusion and in 6% of patients without transfusion.