The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its association with the development of cervical cancer. Although inflammation caused by Candida spp. has been shown to facilitate oncogenesis, the interactions between HPV and Candida spp. remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR‐HPV infection HR‐HPV‐positiveCandida albicans in HR‐HPV‐positive individuals in Diyarbakır province in Turkey. Cervical samples were taken from 350 participants aged 20–69 years who applied to Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. For detection of HPV presence and HR‐HPV genotyping, PCR/direct cycle sequencing was used. E6/E7 mRNA expression of HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐31, ‐33, and ‐45 was determined by type‐specific real‐time NASBA assay (NucliSENS EasyQ(®)HPV v1.1). The presence of Candida albicans in cervical specimens of HR‐HPV‐positive women was investigated by RAPD‐PCR and culture methods. Results. Of the 350 women who participated in the study, 24% were HPV positive and 10.5% were found to be HR‐HPV positive. HR‐HPV positivity was most frequently detected in the age range of 40–49 years. Among HR‐HPV‐positive women, C. albicans was found in 59.4%. Conclusion. The most frequent HR‐HPV genotype was HPV16, followed by HPV31. Of women who tested positive for HR‐HPV, C. albicans was discovered in 59.4%. C. albicans infection may occur when the immune system is weakened or the balance of the vaginal flora is disturbed, increasing tissue damage in the vaginal area and the risk of carcinogenesis of HR‐HPV. Therefore, knowing the presence of Candida infection in HR‐HPV‐positive women is essential to plan the treatment and prevent the risk of secondary disease.

Background: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can colonize the urinary system with various virulence factors. Escaping from the host defense, can lead to serious infections, such as bacteremia and sepsis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the presence of phylogenetic groups, various virulence factor genes, and pathogenicity island (PAI) markers of extraintestinal and commensal E. coli isolates. Methods: Within January 2016 and December 2017, 50 E. coli isolates were isolated from simultaneous blood and urine samples of 25 patients hospitalized in Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey, and 50 commensal E. coli isolates were isolated from fecal 18 samples of healthy volunteers as the control group was included in the study. Phylogenetic groups, virulence factors genes, and PAI markers were determined by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The majority of ExPEC isolates were observed to be in phylogenetic group B2. All of the commensal E. coli isolates were detected in phylogenetic group A. The most predominant virulence factor gene was traT (80%). The most prevalent PAI marker was PAI IV536 (86%). However, the PAI I536, IJ96, and IIJ96 markers were not detected in any isolates. Only PAI IV536 was detected in commensal E. coli isolates. Conclusions: It was determined that E. coli isolates that cause uropathogenic and bloodstream infections contain a higher frequency of PAI than commensal isolates.