The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern due to its association with the development of cervical cancer. Although inflammation caused by Candida spp. has been shown to facilitate oncogenesis, the interactions between HPV and Candida spp. remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR‐HPV infection HR‐HPV‐positiveCandida albicans in HR‐HPV‐positive individuals in Diyarbakır province in Turkey. Cervical samples were taken from 350 participants aged 20–69 years who applied to Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. For detection of HPV presence and HR‐HPV genotyping, PCR/direct cycle sequencing was used. E6/E7 mRNA expression of HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐31, ‐33, and ‐45 was determined by type‐specific real‐time NASBA assay (NucliSENS EasyQ(®)HPV v1.1). The presence of Candida albicans in cervical specimens of HR‐HPV‐positive women was investigated by RAPD‐PCR and culture methods. Results. Of the 350 women who participated in the study, 24% were HPV positive and 10.5% were found to be HR‐HPV positive. HR‐HPV positivity was most frequently detected in the age range of 40–49 years. Among HR‐HPV‐positive women, C. albicans was found in 59.4%. Conclusion. The most frequent HR‐HPV genotype was HPV16, followed by HPV31. Of women who tested positive for HR‐HPV, C. albicans was discovered in 59.4%. C. albicans infection may occur when the immune system is weakened or the balance of the vaginal flora is disturbed, increasing tissue damage in the vaginal area and the risk of carcinogenesis of HR‐HPV. Therefore, knowing the presence of Candida infection in HR‐HPV‐positive women is essential to plan the treatment and prevent the risk of secondary disease.

This study compared the surgical outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and vaginal-assisted natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) in patients with a history of gynecologic and obstetric surgery. This cross-sectional study included 100 women who underwent TLH (n = 50) and vNOTES hysterectomy (n = 50) for benign gynecological pathologies. The demographic features and surgical outcomes of all the patients were recorded retrospectively. Postoperative hematocrit values, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores (6-24th hour), uterine weights, operation time, hospital stay, postoperative analgesic application requirement, blood transfusion, vaginal cuff closure time, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed. There were no differences in demographic features between the groups. The need for analgesic application was similar between groups (p = 0.590). Vaginal closure time was significantly shorter in the vNOTES group (p < 0.001). The surgery time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in the vNOTES group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively), and there was no difference in complication rates between the groups (p = 0.992). The preoperative Htc values were similar in both groups (P = 0.980). There was no significant difference in the postoperative Htc values (p = 0.901). Postoperative 6th hour VAS score of the vNOTES group was significantly lower than that of the TLH group (p = 0.001). The vNOTES hysterectomy procedure has more advantages than TLH in terms of minimally invasive surgery, even in patients with a history of gynecologic and obstetric surgery.

Aim: In our study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the surgical parameters of patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy and their effects on the development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and sexual function one year later. Materials and Methods: This retrospective and comparative study involved a review of medical records for 42 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign conditions and 42 patients who underwent hysterectomy using vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) at our clinic between January 2023 and January 2024. Evaluations of preoperative and postoperative pelvic organ prolapse and sexual function were conducted, and the anatomical and functional outcomes of both surgical methods were compared. Results: In this study, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age (p < 0.299), BMI (p < 0.819), parity (p < 0.615), surgical indications and menopausal status (p < 0.535) (p > 0.05). The vNOTES method was found to be significantly shorter than TLH in terms of surgical time (vNOTES: 58 min, TLH: 80 min, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of preoperative and postoperative hematocrit values, hospital stay and FSFI scores (p > 0.05). Among the POP-Q parameters, a significant difference was observed only in the Aa parameter in favor of the vNOTES method (p < 0.003). Conclusions: In our study, the vNOTES method provided a shorter surgical time and better anterior vaginal support compared to TLH, but both methods offered similar results in terms of sexual function. More comprehensive studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects.

Uterine carcinosarcomas are aggressive, rare biphasic tumors with malignant epithelial and malignant sarcomatous components. The prognostic significance of the presence of extrauterine sarcoma (heterologous component) is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heterologous components in uterine carcinosarcomas on disease-free survival, overall survival, and other prognostic factors.