The genus Ultragryllacris is mainly distributed in China and Thailand, and the type species Ultragryllacris pulchra Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015 includes four subspecies. Up to now, these subspecies were identified mainly based on their morphological characteristics, and no study on the molecular identification of subspecies and phylogenetic analyses has been reported. Here we obtained three mitogenomes of U. pulchra rubricapitis and one mitogenome of Homogryllacris yunnana and reconstructed the relationship of Ultragryllacris among genera. Species identification was performed with ABGD, jMOTU, and NJ tree based on cox1 (658 bp) and cob (550 bp) genes. The mitogenomes of U. pulchra rubricapitis and H. yunnana were 15558–16625 bp and 16209 bp in length, respectively. Most of the PCGs started with the typical ATN codons and terminated with complete TAA/TAG. Four mitogenomes showed positive AT skews and negative GC skews. Besides, the phylogenetic tree of BI and ML revealed that Ultragryllacris was a monophyletic group. One geographical population of Ultragryllacris pulchra rubricapitis was described and illustrated.

Based on the specimens deposited in Guangxi Normal University, the paper mainly deals with Capnogryllacris and reports one new species and four new subspecies, viz. Capnogryllacris sequestris Liu, Lu & Bian sp. nov. (Chinese name: 断纹烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris erythrocephala maculates Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 斑背烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris nigromarginata hainanensis Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 海南黑缘烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris nigromarginata rectispina Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 直刺黑缘烟蟋螽) and Capnogryllacris xichou flavifrons Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 黄面西畴烟蟋螽). The next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of 13 specimens of Gryllacrididae, and the characteristics of newly obtained mitogenomes were introduced. The gene arrangements are completely consistent with other known orthopteran insects, and there is a long IGS of 166 bp–217 bp between trnK and cox2 genes in three individuals of C. erythrocephala maculatis ssp. nov.. Meanwhile, fourteen specimens of Capnogryllacris were delimited using COI barcode by constructing NJ tree and two distance-based barcoding methods (ABGD and jMOTU). Among the three methods, C. erythrocephala maculatis, C. rufonotata and C. spinosa can be correctly identified, but C. nigromarginata shows some differences in morphological and genetic distance, and Capnogryllacris melanocrania is divided into two clades. The Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) trees based on the 13 protein-coding genes data supported the division of Gryllacrididae into two groups according to whether the male ninth abdominal tergite with median furrow or split along the midline or not.

In this paper, we report six new species and the female sex of four known species based on our new collections from Southwest China. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.

Currently, the subfamily Meconematinae encompasses 1029 species, but whole-mitochondrial-genome assemblies have only been made available for 13. In this study, the whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of nine additional species in the subfamily Meconematinae were sequenced. The size ranged from 15,627 bp to 17,461 bp, indicating double-stranded circular structures. The length of the control region was the main cause of the difference in mitochondrial genome length among the nine species. All the mitogenomes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a control region (CR). The majority strand encoded 23 genes, and the minority strand encoded 14 genes. A phylogenetic analysis reaffirmed the monophyletic status of each subfamily, but the monophysitism of Xizicus, Xiphidiopsis and Phlugiolopsis was not supported.

This paper reports three new micropterous species of Homogryllacris from Yunnan Province. And we supplement the additional description for Homogryllacris anelytra Shi, Guo & Bian, 2012 and Homogryllacris bilobus (Bey-Bienko, 1957). All examined specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.

This paper describes one new species of Neocyrtopsis Liu & Zhang, 2007 and provides the key to all the species. All type specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.