The genus Ultragryllacris is mainly distributed in China and Thailand, and the type species Ultragryllacris pulchra Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015 includes four subspecies. Up to now, these subspecies were identified mainly based on their morphological characteristics, and no study on the molecular identification of subspecies and phylogenetic analyses has been reported. Here we obtained three mitogenomes of U. pulchra rubricapitis and one mitogenome of Homogryllacris yunnana and reconstructed the relationship of Ultragryllacris among genera. Species identification was performed with ABGD, jMOTU, and NJ tree based on cox1 (658 bp) and cob (550 bp) genes. The mitogenomes of U. pulchra rubricapitis and H. yunnana were 15558–16625 bp and 16209 bp in length, respectively. Most of the PCGs started with the typical ATN codons and terminated with complete TAA/TAG. Four mitogenomes showed positive AT skews and negative GC skews. Besides, the phylogenetic tree of BI and ML revealed that Ultragryllacris was a monophyletic group. One geographical population of Ultragryllacris pulchra rubricapitis was described and illustrated.

The orthopteran genus Ultragryllacris Gorochov & Dawwrueng, 2015 is documented as a new record from China, and one new subspecies viz. U. pulchra rubricapitis ssp. nov. is described from Yunnan Province, China. All the examined specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.

This paper lists all known Chinese Raspy Crickets (Gryllacrididae) following the scheme proposed by Cadena-Castañeda. A total of 23 genera, 104 species, 3 new combinations, 4 new synonyms, and 1 new replacement name are recorded. Based on these known species, keys to genera (or subgenera) and species with the diagnosis of each genus are also given. Also we provide the Chinese name of all categories.

This paper describes two new species of Eurhaphidophora, namely: Eurhaphidophora curvata sp. nov. (Chinese name: 弯板优驼螽) and Eurhaphidophora fossa sp. nov. (Chinese name: 凹板优驼螽) based on the specimens from Yunnan Province, China. The type specimens are deposited in the Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.

The relationships among the Phlugiolopsis species are poorly understood. In this paper, three new subgenera are proposed and four new species are described from Yunnan, China. The microstructures of male stridulatory files are examined for selected species of Phlugiolopsis using scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Geometric morphometric study of the left tegmen for the genus Phlugiolopsis was carried out to demonstrate the effect of vicariance on species. Differences among species are minute, suggesting that the separation is recent. All examined specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University (HBUM).

Based on the specimens deposited in Guangxi Normal University, the paper mainly deals with Capnogryllacris and reports one new species and four new subspecies, viz. Capnogryllacris sequestris Liu, Lu & Bian sp. nov. (Chinese name: 断纹烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris erythrocephala maculates Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 斑背烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris nigromarginata hainanensis Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 海南黑缘烟蟋螽), Capnogryllacris nigromarginata rectispina Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 直刺黑缘烟蟋螽) and Capnogryllacris xichou flavifrons Liu, Lu & Bian ssp. nov. (Chinese name: 黄面西畴烟蟋螽). The next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of 13 specimens of Gryllacrididae, and the characteristics of newly obtained mitogenomes were introduced. The gene arrangements are completely consistent with other known orthopteran insects, and there is a long IGS of 166 bp–217 bp between trnK and cox2 genes in three individuals of C. erythrocephala maculatis ssp. nov.. Meanwhile, fourteen specimens of Capnogryllacris were delimited using COI barcode by constructing NJ tree and two distance-based barcoding methods (ABGD and jMOTU). Among the three methods, C. erythrocephala maculatis, C. rufonotata and C. spinosa can be correctly identified, but C. nigromarginata shows some differences in morphological and genetic distance, and Capnogryllacris melanocrania is divided into two clades. The Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) trees based on the 13 protein-coding genes data supported the division of Gryllacrididae into two groups according to whether the male ninth abdominal tergite with median furrow or split along the midline or not.