Introduction/Objective. After an orthodontic brackets debonding procedure it is necessary to remove any residual adhesive from the tooth surface, as this is a common cause of enamel damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel surface after the application of six different methods of adhesive removal following brackets debonding, as well as to compare the duration of these procedures. Methods. For the purpose of this study, 245 human premolars were extracted as part of the orthodontic treatment. Metal brackets were bonded to 210 human premolars with the Aspire adhesive system. After the debonding of brackets, the samples were divided into six groups according to the adhesive removal method applied: tapered fissure tungsten carbide bur, round tungsten carbide bur, composite bur, abrasive disc, adhesive removing pliers, and ultrasonic scaler. Out of 245 premolars, 35 served as a control group. The duration of adhesive removal was recorded. Enamel damages were estimated according to the enamel surface index on the scanning electron microscopy images. Results. Maximum preservation of the enamel surface was accomplished by using a composite bur (1.08). The application of abrasive disc was significantly less time-consuming in comparison to the application of a composite bur (p < 0.01) and an ultrasonic scaler (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The most harmful for the enamel surface was the use of an ultrasonic scaler as well as a round tungsten carbide bur. Adhesive removal done by an abrasive disc thus proved one of the least damaging and the least time-consuming methods.

Marin S, et al. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2025 Jun;25(3):183-190. https://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2025.25.3.183

The patient’s age is one of the most important factors influencing the planning of orthodontic therapy. In some patients, there is a discrepancy between chronological age, dental age and skeletal maturity, which can affect the outcome of orthodontic therapy. The aim of this work was to determine the correlation between chronological age, dental age and skeletal maturity in subjects of both sexes using orthopantomographic and lateral cephalometric images. For the purpose of this study, orthopantomographic and lateral cephalometric images of 315 orthodontic patients aged 8 to 18 years were used. Dental age was determined on orthopantomographic images using the Demirjian method, while skeletal maturity was determined on lateral cephalometric images by observing the second, third and fourth cervical vertebrae. The results of the study showed an extremely strong, positive and statistically significant correlation between dental and chronological age in both sexes (rs = 0.870, N = 315, p 0.05), with the correlation being stronger in females (rs = 0.869). A positive, extremely strong and statistically significant correlation was also found between dental age and the CVM stage of the subjects (rs = 0.684, N = 315, p 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in the average dental age between the most of the CVM stages of the subjects (p 0.05). Statistically significant differences in dental maturity were not recorded only between the 1st and 2nd CVM stages, as well as between the 3rd and 4th CVM stages. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between chronological age, dental maturity and skeletal maturity in subjects of both sexes. The correlation between dental maturity and chronological age was slightly stronger in females than in males.

Introduction. Marginal seal or adequate marginal adaptation of material along the cavity walls should be able to prevent leakage of tissue fluid and consequently bacterial microleakage, terefore, it is considered as significant factor for long term success of endodontic treatment. The aim of this work was to test the marginal microleakage of newly synthesized nanostructured biomaterials based on calcium aluminate, calcium silicate and MTA with a dye penetration test after application the material to the interradicular perforations of extracted teeth. Material and method. The study included 48 extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars. Newly synthesized nanostructured materials were tested: material based on calcium aluminate, calcium silicate. Commercial calcium silicate cement (MTA Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was used as a control material. Marginal microleakage was examined with a dye penetration test six months after application of the material in experimentally prepared interradicular perforations on extracted human molars. Penetration depth measurement was analyzed with a binocular magnifier (Leica DM 500, Leica Byosistems). Results are expressed in millimeters and statistically processed by applying the analysis of variance for repeated measurements with the Sidak test. Results. The lowest average penetration (mm) was for MTA (1.40 ? 0.63 mm), and the highest for Ca aluminates (2.10 ? 0.63 mm), while for calcium silicates an average color penetration of 1.73 ? 0, 67mm was recorded. By testing intergroup differences in color penetration between groups, a statistically significant difference between MTA and Ca aluminate was obtained using Sidak?s test (t = -0.693; p = 0.036). No statistically significant difference was recorded between MTA and Ca silicate, nor was there a statistically significant difference between Ca aluminate and Ca silicate. Conclusion. The lowest marginal microleakage, the best marginal sealing, was recorded with the MTA material. The microleakage of calcium aluminate-based materials was significantly higher compared to calcium silicate and MTA.

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a state of chronic hyperglycemia that is a predisposing factor to caries, gingivitis, inflammation of periodontium, oral candidiasis, xerostomia and many other diseases of the oral cavity. Inflammation of the supporting tissue of the tooth is a chronic disease that destroys the supporting structure of the tooth, i.e. periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The aim of this study was to examine using histological analysis the presence of periodontitis and gingivitis in rats with experimentally induced DM that were sacrificed after 14 and 30 days. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 42 Wistar rats. DM in experimental animals was induced by the use of Alloxan intraperitoneally. The first group (Exp_14) consisted of 16 rats in which DM was induced and sacrificed after 14 days, the second group (Exp_30) consisted of 16 rats in which DM was induced and they were sacrificed after 30 days, while the control consisted of 10 healthy rats. Results. Periodontitis and gingivitis in the first group of rats (Exp_14) were determined in 54.5% of cases, while in the second group (Exp_30) in 88% of cases. In the control group no case of periodontitis and gingivitis was recorded. A highly statistically significant difference was found between the examined groups (Chi-square = 14.685; p < 0.001). Conclusion. In the group of rats with experimentally induced DM that were sacrificed after 30 days, a significantly higher incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis was found compared to the group of rats that were sacrificed after 14 days.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth and to provide information important during immediate implant placement. Material and Methods. The study included 245 cone-beam computed tomography scans. The buccal bone thickness was measured in the sagittal plane of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at five points (M1 - M5) (2 mm apart), starting 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction in the coronal to apical position along the roots. Results. The lowest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M1 point in all teeth in both jaws while the highest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M4 (maxilla) and M5 (mandible). An increase of the buccal bone thickness was established at every subsequent measurement point perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth (p < 0.001). The buccal bone thickness was less than 1 mm in more than 60% of all teeth in the maxilla and mandible at all measurement points. A statistically significant difference in the thickness of the buccal bone in relation to the patients? age was found at all measurement points, except at M4 point of the anterior teeth of the maxilla (p = 0.456) and mandible (p = 0.109). Conclusion. The buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth is less than 1 mm in more than 60% at all measurement points. The buccal bone thickness tends to increase from a coronal to apical position along the roots.